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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test.test_web -*-
# Copyright (c) 2001-2009 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
This is a web-server which integrates with the twisted.internet
infrastructure.
"""
# System Imports
import warnings
import string
import types
import copy
import os
from urllib import quote
from zope.interface import implements
try:
from twisted.protocols._c_urlarg import unquote
except ImportError:
from urllib import unquote
#some useful constants
NOT_DONE_YET = 1
# Twisted Imports
from twisted.spread import pb
from twisted.internet import defer, address, task
from twisted.web import iweb, http
from twisted.python import log, reflect, failure, components
from twisted import copyright
from twisted.web import util as webutil, resource
from twisted.web.error import UnsupportedMethod
# backwards compatability
date_time_string = http.datetimeToString
string_date_time = http.stringToDatetime
# Support for other methods may be implemented on a per-resource basis.
supportedMethods = ('GET', 'HEAD', 'POST')
def _addressToTuple(addr):
if isinstance(addr, address.IPv4Address):
return ('INET', addr.host, addr.port)
elif isinstance(addr, address.UNIXAddress):
return ('UNIX', addr.name)
else:
return tuple(addr)
class Request(pb.Copyable, http.Request, components.Componentized):
implements(iweb.IRequest)
site = None
appRootURL = None
__pychecker__ = 'unusednames=issuer'
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
http.Request.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
components.Componentized.__init__(self)
def getStateToCopyFor(self, issuer):
x = self.__dict__.copy()
del x['transport']
# XXX refactor this attribute out; it's from protocol
# del x['server']
del x['channel']
del x['content']
del x['site']
self.content.seek(0, 0)
x['content_data'] = self.content.read()
x['remote'] = pb.ViewPoint(issuer, self)
# Address objects aren't jellyable
x['host'] = _addressToTuple(x['host'])
x['client'] = _addressToTuple(x['client'])
# Header objects also aren't jellyable.
x['requestHeaders'] = list(x['requestHeaders'].getAllRawHeaders())
return x
# HTML generation helpers
def sibLink(self, name):
"Return the text that links to a sibling of the requested resource."
if self.postpath:
return (len(self.postpath)*"../") + name
else:
return name
def childLink(self, name):
"Return the text that links to a child of the requested resource."
lpp = len(self.postpath)
if lpp > 1:
return ((lpp-1)*"../") + name
elif lpp == 1:
return name
else: # lpp == 0
if len(self.prepath) and self.prepath[-1]:
return self.prepath[-1] + '/' + name
else:
return name
def process(self):
"Process a request."
# get site from channel
self.site = self.channel.site
# set various default headers
self.setHeader('server', version)
self.setHeader('date', http.datetimeToString())
self.setHeader('content-type', "text/html")
# Resource Identification
self.prepath = []
self.postpath = map(unquote, string.split(self.path[1:], '/'))
try:
resrc = self.site.getResourceFor(self)
self.render(resrc)
except:
self.processingFailed(failure.Failure())
def render(self, resrc):
try:
body = resrc.render(self)
except UnsupportedMethod, e:
allowedMethods = e.allowedMethods
if (self.method == "HEAD") and ("GET" in allowedMethods):
# We must support HEAD (RFC 2616, 5.1.1). If the
# resource doesn't, fake it by giving the resource
# a 'GET' request and then return only the headers,
# not the body.
log.msg("Using GET to fake a HEAD request for %s" %
(resrc,))
self.method = "GET"
body = resrc.render(self)
if body is NOT_DONE_YET:
log.msg("Tried to fake a HEAD request for %s, but "
"it got away from me." % resrc)
# Oh well, I guess we won't include the content length.
else:
self.setHeader('content-length', str(len(body)))
self.write('')
self.finish()
return
if self.method in (supportedMethods):
# We MUST include an Allow header
# (RFC 2616, 10.4.6 and 14.7)
self.setHeader('Allow', allowedMethods)
s = ('''Your browser approached me (at %(URI)s) with'''
''' the method "%(method)s". I only allow'''
''' the method%(plural)s %(allowed)s here.''' % {
'URI': self.uri,
'method': self.method,
'plural': ((len(allowedMethods) > 1) and 's') or '',
'allowed': string.join(allowedMethods, ', ')
})
epage = resource.ErrorPage(http.NOT_ALLOWED,
"Method Not Allowed", s)
body = epage.render(self)
else:
epage = resource.ErrorPage(http.NOT_IMPLEMENTED, "Huh?",
"I don't know how to treat a"
" %s request." % (self.method,))
body = epage.render(self)
# end except UnsupportedMethod
if body == NOT_DONE_YET:
return
if type(body) is not types.StringType:
body = resource.ErrorPage(
http.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
"Request did not return a string",
"Request: " + html.PRE(reflect.safe_repr(self)) + "<br />" +
"Resource: " + html.PRE(reflect.safe_repr(resrc)) + "<br />" +
"Value: " + html.PRE(reflect.safe_repr(body))).render(self)
if self.method == "HEAD":
if len(body) > 0:
# This is a Bad Thing (RFC 2616, 9.4)
log.msg("Warning: HEAD request %s for resource %s is"
" returning a message body."
" I think I'll eat it."
% (self, resrc))
self.setHeader('content-length', str(len(body)))
self.write('')
else:
self.setHeader('content-length', str(len(body)))
self.write(body)
self.finish()
def processingFailed(self, reason):
log.err(reason)
if self.site.displayTracebacks:
body = ("<html><head><title>web.Server Traceback (most recent call last)</title></head>"
"<body><b>web.Server Traceback (most recent call last):</b>\n\n"
"%s\n\n</body></html>\n"
% webutil.formatFailure(reason))
else:
body = ("<html><head><title>Processing Failed</title></head><body>"
"<b>Processing Failed</b></body></html>")
self.setResponseCode(http.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
self.setHeader('content-type',"text/html")
self.setHeader('content-length', str(len(body)))
self.write(body)
self.finish()
return reason
def view_write(self, issuer, data):
"""Remote version of write; same interface.
"""
self.write(data)
def view_finish(self, issuer):
"""Remote version of finish; same interface.
"""
self.finish()
def view_addCookie(self, issuer, k, v, **kwargs):
"""Remote version of addCookie; same interface.
"""
self.addCookie(k, v, **kwargs)
def view_setHeader(self, issuer, k, v):
"""Remote version of setHeader; same interface.
"""
self.setHeader(k, v)
def view_setLastModified(self, issuer, when):
"""Remote version of setLastModified; same interface.
"""
self.setLastModified(when)
def view_setETag(self, issuer, tag):
"""Remote version of setETag; same interface.
"""
self.setETag(tag)
def view_setResponseCode(self, issuer, code):
"""Remote version of setResponseCode; same interface.
"""
self.setResponseCode(code)
def view_registerProducer(self, issuer, producer, streaming):
"""Remote version of registerProducer; same interface.
(requires a remote producer.)
"""
self.registerProducer(_RemoteProducerWrapper(producer), streaming)
def view_unregisterProducer(self, issuer):
self.unregisterProducer()
### these calls remain local
session = None
def getSession(self, sessionInterface = None):
# Session management
if not self.session:
cookiename = string.join(['TWISTED_SESSION'] + self.sitepath, "_")
sessionCookie = self.getCookie(cookiename)
if sessionCookie:
try:
self.session = self.site.getSession(sessionCookie)
except KeyError:
pass
# if it still hasn't been set, fix it up.
if not self.session:
self.session = self.site.makeSession()
self.addCookie(cookiename, self.session.uid, path='/')
self.session.touch()
if sessionInterface:
return self.session.getComponent(sessionInterface)
return self.session
def _prePathURL(self, prepath):
port = self.getHost().port
if self.isSecure():
default = 443
else:
default = 80
if port == default:
hostport = ''
else:
hostport = ':%d' % port
return 'http%s://%s%s/%s' % (
self.isSecure() and 's' or '',
self.getRequestHostname(),
hostport,
'/'.join([quote(segment, safe='') for segment in prepath]))
def prePathURL(self):
return self._prePathURL(self.prepath)
def URLPath(self):
from twisted.python import urlpath
return urlpath.URLPath.fromRequest(self)
def rememberRootURL(self):
"""
Remember the currently-processed part of the URL for later
recalling.
"""
url = self._prePathURL(self.prepath[:-1])
self.appRootURL = url
def getRootURL(self):
"""
Get a previously-remembered URL.
"""
return self.appRootURL
class _RemoteProducerWrapper:
def __init__(self, remote):
self.resumeProducing = remote.remoteMethod("resumeProducing")
self.pauseProducing = remote.remoteMethod("pauseProducing")
self.stopProducing = remote.remoteMethod("stopProducing")
class Session(components.Componentized):
"""
A user's session with a system.
This utility class contains no functionality, but is used to
represent a session.
@ivar _reactor: An object providing L{IReactorTime} to use for scheduling
expiration.
@ivar sessionTimeout: timeout of a session, in seconds.
@ivar loopFactory: Deprecated in Twisted 9.0. Does nothing. Do not use.
"""
sessionTimeout = 900
loopFactory = task.LoopingCall
_expireCall = None
def __init__(self, site, uid, reactor=None):
"""
Initialize a session with a unique ID for that session.
"""
components.Componentized.__init__(self)
if reactor is None:
from twisted.internet import reactor
self._reactor = reactor
self.site = site
self.uid = uid
self.expireCallbacks = []
self.touch()
self.sessionNamespaces = {}
def startCheckingExpiration(self, lifetime=None):
"""
Start expiration tracking.
@param lifetime: Ignored; deprecated.
@return: C{None}
"""
if lifetime is not None:
warnings.warn(
"The lifetime parameter to startCheckingExpiration is "
"deprecated since Twisted 9.0. See Session.sessionTimeout "
"instead.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
self._expireCall = self._reactor.callLater(
self.sessionTimeout, self.expire)
def notifyOnExpire(self, callback):
"""
Call this callback when the session expires or logs out.
"""
self.expireCallbacks.append(callback)
def expire(self):
"""
Expire/logout of the session.
"""
del self.site.sessions[self.uid]
for c in self.expireCallbacks:
c()
self.expireCallbacks = []
if self._expireCall and self._expireCall.active():
self._expireCall.cancel()
# Break reference cycle.
self._expireCall = None
def touch(self):
"""
Notify session modification.
"""
self.lastModified = self._reactor.seconds()
if self._expireCall is not None:
self._expireCall.reset(self.sessionTimeout)
def checkExpired(self):
"""
Deprecated; does nothing.
"""
warnings.warn(
"Session.checkExpired is deprecated since Twisted 9.0; sessions "
"check themselves now, you don't need to.",
stacklevel=2, category=DeprecationWarning)
version = "TwistedWeb/%s" % copyright.version
class Site(http.HTTPFactory):
"""
A web site: manage log, sessions, and resources.
@ivar counter: increment value used for generating unique sessions ID.
@ivar requestFactory: factory creating requests objects. Default to
L{Request}.
@ivar displayTracebacks: if set, Twisted internal errors are displayed on
rendered pages. Default to C{True}.
@ivar sessionFactory: factory for sessions objects. Default to L{Session}.
@ivar sessionCheckTime: Deprecated. See L{Session.sessionTimeout} instead.
"""
counter = 0
requestFactory = Request
displayTracebacks = True
sessionFactory = Session
sessionCheckTime = 1800
def __init__(self, resource, logPath=None, timeout=60*60*12):
"""
Initialize.
"""
http.HTTPFactory.__init__(self, logPath=logPath, timeout=timeout)
self.sessions = {}
self.resource = resource
def _openLogFile(self, path):
from twisted.python import logfile
return logfile.LogFile(os.path.basename(path), os.path.dirname(path))
def __getstate__(self):
d = self.__dict__.copy()
d['sessions'] = {}
return d
def _mkuid(self):
"""
(internal) Generate an opaque, unique ID for a user's session.
"""
from twisted.python.hashlib import md5
import random
self.counter = self.counter + 1
return md5("%s_%s" % (str(random.random()) , str(self.counter))).hexdigest()
def makeSession(self):
"""
Generate a new Session instance, and store it for future reference.
"""
uid = self._mkuid()
session = self.sessions[uid] = self.sessionFactory(self, uid)
session.startCheckingExpiration()
return session
def getSession(self, uid):
"""
Get a previously generated session, by its unique ID.
This raises a KeyError if the session is not found.
"""
return self.sessions[uid]
def buildProtocol(self, addr):
"""
Generate a channel attached to this site.
"""
channel = http.HTTPFactory.buildProtocol(self, addr)
channel.requestFactory = self.requestFactory
channel.site = self
return channel
isLeaf = 0
def render(self, request):
"""
Redirect because a Site is always a directory.
"""
request.redirect(request.prePathURL() + '/')
request.finish()
def getChildWithDefault(self, pathEl, request):
"""
Emulate a resource's getChild method.
"""
request.site = self
return self.resource.getChildWithDefault(pathEl, request)
def getResourceFor(self, request):
"""
Get a resource for a request.
This iterates through the resource heirarchy, calling
getChildWithDefault on each resource it finds for a path element,
stopping when it hits an element where isLeaf is true.
"""
request.site = self
# Sitepath is used to determine cookie names between distributed
# servers and disconnected sites.
request.sitepath = copy.copy(request.prepath)
return resource.getChildForRequest(self.resource, request)
import html
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