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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.test.test_dirdbm -*-
#
# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
DBM-style interface to a directory.
Each key is stored as a single file. This is not expected to be very fast or
efficient, but it's good for easy debugging.
DirDBMs are *not* thread-safe, they should only be accessed by one thread at
a time.
No files should be placed in the working directory of a DirDBM save those
created by the DirDBM itself!
Maintainer: Itamar Shtull-Trauring
"""
import os
import types
import base64
import glob
try:
import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
import pickle
try:
_open
except NameError:
_open = open
class DirDBM:
"""A directory with a DBM interface.
This class presents a hash-like interface to a directory of small,
flat files. It can only use strings as keys or values.
"""
def __init__(self, name):
"""
@type name: str
@param name: Base path to use for the directory storage.
"""
self.dname = os.path.abspath(name)
if not os.path.isdir(self.dname):
os.mkdir(self.dname)
else:
# Run recovery, in case we crashed. we delete all files ending
# with ".new". Then we find all files who end with ".rpl". If a
# corresponding file exists without ".rpl", we assume the write
# failed and delete the ".rpl" file. If only a ".rpl" exist we
# assume the program crashed right after deleting the old entry
# but before renaming the replacement entry.
#
# NOTE: '.' is NOT in the base64 alphabet!
for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(self.dname, "*.new")):
os.remove(f)
replacements = glob.glob(os.path.join(self.dname, "*.rpl"))
for f in replacements:
old = f[:-4]
if os.path.exists(old):
os.remove(f)
else:
os.rename(f, old)
def _encode(self, k):
"""Encode a key so it can be used as a filename.
"""
# NOTE: '_' is NOT in the base64 alphabet!
return base64.encodestring(k).replace('\n', '_').replace("/", "-")
def _decode(self, k):
"""Decode a filename to get the key.
"""
return base64.decodestring(k.replace('_', '\n').replace("-", "/"))
def _readFile(self, path):
"""Read in the contents of a file.
Override in subclasses to e.g. provide transparently encrypted dirdbm.
"""
f = _open(path, "rb")
s = f.read()
f.close()
return s
def _writeFile(self, path, data):
"""Write data to a file.
Override in subclasses to e.g. provide transparently encrypted dirdbm.
"""
f = _open(path, "wb")
f.write(data)
f.flush()
f.close()
def __len__(self):
"""
@return: The number of key/value pairs in this Shelf
"""
return len(os.listdir(self.dname))
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
"""
C{dirdbm[k] = v}
Create or modify a textfile in this directory
@type k: str
@param k: key to set
@type v: str
@param v: value to associate with C{k}
"""
assert type(k) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
assert type(v) == types.StringType, "DirDBM value must be a string"
k = self._encode(k)
# we create a new file with extension .new, write the data to it, and
# if the write succeeds delete the old file and rename the new one.
old = os.path.join(self.dname, k)
if os.path.exists(old):
new = old + ".rpl" # replacement entry
else:
new = old + ".new" # new entry
try:
self._writeFile(new, v)
except:
os.remove(new)
raise
else:
if os.path.exists(old): os.remove(old)
os.rename(new, old)
def __getitem__(self, k):
"""
C{dirdbm[k]}
Get the contents of a file in this directory as a string.
@type k: str
@param k: key to lookup
@return: The value associated with C{k}
@raise KeyError: Raised when there is no such key
"""
assert type(k) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
path = os.path.join(self.dname, self._encode(k))
try:
return self._readFile(path)
except:
raise KeyError, k
def __delitem__(self, k):
"""
C{del dirdbm[foo]}
Delete a file in this directory.
@type k: str
@param k: key to delete
@raise KeyError: Raised when there is no such key
"""
assert type(k) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
k = self._encode(k)
try: os.remove(os.path.join(self.dname, k))
except (OSError, IOError): raise KeyError(self._decode(k))
def keys(self):
"""
@return: a C{list} of filenames (keys).
"""
return map(self._decode, os.listdir(self.dname))
def values(self):
"""
@return: a C{list} of file-contents (values).
"""
vals = []
keys = self.keys()
for key in keys:
vals.append(self[key])
return vals
def items(self):
"""
@return: a C{list} of 2-tuples containing key/value pairs.
"""
items = []
keys = self.keys()
for key in keys:
items.append((key, self[key]))
return items
def has_key(self, key):
"""
@type key: str
@param key: The key to test
@return: A true value if this dirdbm has the specified key, a faluse
value otherwise.
"""
assert type(key) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
key = self._encode(key)
return os.path.isfile(os.path.join(self.dname, key))
def setdefault(self, key, value):
"""
@type key: str
@param key: The key to lookup
@param value: The value to associate with key if key is not already
associated with a value.
"""
if not self.has_key(key):
self[key] = value
return value
return self[key]
def get(self, key, default = None):
"""
@type key: str
@param key: The key to lookup
@param default: The value to return if the given key does not exist
@return: The value associated with C{key} or C{default} if not
C{self.has_key(key)}
"""
if self.has_key(key):
return self[key]
else:
return default
def __contains__(self, key):
"""
C{key in dirdbm}
@type key: str
@param key: The key to test
@return: A true value if C{self.has_key(key)}, a false value otherwise.
"""
assert type(key) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
key = self._encode(key)
return os.path.isfile(os.path.join(self.dname, key))
def update(self, dict):
"""
Add all the key/value pairs in C{dict} to this dirdbm. Any conflicting
keys will be overwritten with the values from C{dict}.
@type dict: mapping
@param dict: A mapping of key/value pairs to add to this dirdbm.
"""
for key, val in dict.items():
self[key]=val
def copyTo(self, path):
"""
Copy the contents of this dirdbm to the dirdbm at C{path}.
@type path: C{str}
@param path: The path of the dirdbm to copy to. If a dirdbm
exists at the destination path, it is cleared first.
@rtype: C{DirDBM}
@return: The dirdbm this dirdbm was copied to.
"""
path = os.path.abspath(path)
assert path != self.dname
d = self.__class__(path)
d.clear()
for k in self.keys():
d[k] = self[k]
return d
def clear(self):
"""
Delete all key/value pairs in this dirdbm.
"""
for k in self.keys():
del self[k]
def close(self):
"""
Close this dbm: no-op, for dbm-style interface compliance.
"""
def getModificationTime(self, key):
"""
Returns modification time of an entry.
@return: Last modification date (seconds since epoch) of entry C{key}
@raise KeyError: Raised when there is no such key
"""
assert type(key) == types.StringType, "DirDBM key must be a string"
path = os.path.join(self.dname, self._encode(key))
if os.path.isfile(path):
return os.path.getmtime(path)
else:
raise KeyError, key
class Shelf(DirDBM):
"""A directory with a DBM shelf interface.
This class presents a hash-like interface to a directory of small,
flat files. Keys must be strings, but values can be any given object.
"""
def __setitem__(self, k, v):
"""
C{shelf[foo] = bar}
Create or modify a textfile in this directory.
@type k: str
@param k: The key to set
@param v: The value to associate with C{key}
"""
v = pickle.dumps(v)
DirDBM.__setitem__(self, k, v)
def __getitem__(self, k):
"""
C{dirdbm[foo]}
Get and unpickle the contents of a file in this directory.
@type k: str
@param k: The key to lookup
@return: The value associated with the given key
@raise KeyError: Raised if the given key does not exist
"""
return pickle.loads(DirDBM.__getitem__(self, k))
def open(file, flag = None, mode = None):
"""
This is for 'anydbm' compatibility.
@param file: The parameter to pass to the DirDBM constructor.
@param flag: ignored
@param mode: ignored
"""
return DirDBM(file)
__all__ = ["open", "DirDBM", "Shelf"]
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