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# Copyright (c) 2001-2010 Twisted Matrix Laboratories. # See LICENSE for details.
""" Interface documentation.
Maintainer: Itamar Shtull-Trauring """
from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute from twisted.python.deprecate import deprecatedModuleAttribute from twisted.python.versions import Version
class IAddress(Interface): """ An address, e.g. a TCP C{(host, port)}.
Default implementations are in L{twisted.internet.address}. """
### Reactor Interfaces
class IConnector(Interface): """ Object used to interface between connections and protocols.
Each L{IConnector} manages one connection. """
def stopConnecting(): """ Stop attempting to connect. """
def disconnect(): """ Disconnect regardless of the connection state.
If we are connected, disconnect, if we are trying to connect, stop trying. """
def connect(): """ Try to connect to remote address. """
def getDestination(): """ Return destination this will try to connect to.
@return: An object which provides L{IAddress}. """
class IResolverSimple(Interface):
def getHostByName(name, timeout = (1, 3, 11, 45)): """ Resolve the domain name C{name} into an IP address.
@type name: C{str} @type timeout: C{tuple} @rtype: L{twisted.internet.defer.Deferred} @return: The callback of the Deferred that is returned will be passed a string that represents the IP address of the specified name, or the errback will be called if the lookup times out. If multiple types of address records are associated with the name, A6 records will be returned in preference to AAAA records, which will be returned in preference to A records. If there are multiple records of the type to be returned, one will be selected at random.
@raise twisted.internet.defer.TimeoutError: Raised (asynchronously) if the name cannot be resolved within the specified timeout period. """
class IResolver(IResolverSimple): def lookupRecord(name, cls, type, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the records associated with the given name that are of the given type and in the given class. """
def query(query, timeout = 10): """ Interpret and dispatch a query object to the appropriate lookup* method. """
def lookupAddress(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the A records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupAddress6(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup all the A6 records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupIPV6Address(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup all the AAAA records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupMailExchange(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the MX records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupNameservers(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the the NS records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupCanonicalName(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the CNAME records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupMailBox(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the MB records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupMailGroup(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the MG records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupMailRename(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the MR records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupPointer(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the PTR records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupAuthority(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the SOA records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupNull(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the NULL records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupWellKnownServices(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the WKS records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupHostInfo(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the HINFO records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupMailboxInfo(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the MINFO records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupText(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the TXT records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupResponsibility(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the RP records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupAFSDatabase(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the AFSDB records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupService(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup the SRV records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupAllRecords(name, timeout = 10): """ Lookup all records associated with C{name}. """
def lookupZone(name, timeout = 10): """ Perform a zone transfer for the given C{name}. """
class IReactorArbitrary(Interface): """ This interface is redundant with L{IReactorFDSet} and is deprecated. """ deprecatedModuleAttribute( Version("Twisted", 10, 1, 0), "See IReactorFDSet.", __name__, "IReactorArbitrary")
def listenWith(portType, *args, **kw): """ Start an instance of the given C{portType} listening.
@type portType: type which implements L{IListeningPort}
@param portType: The object given by C{portType(*args, **kw)} will be started listening.
@return: an object which provides L{IListeningPort}. """
def connectWith(connectorType, *args, **kw): """ Start an instance of the given C{connectorType} connecting.
@type connectorType: type which implements L{IConnector}
@param connectorType: The object given by C{connectorType(*args, **kw)} will be started connecting.
@return: An object which provides L{IConnector}. """
# Alias for IReactorArbitrary so that internal Twisted code can continue to # provide the interface without emitting a deprecation warning. This can be # removed when IReactorArbitrary is removed. _IReactorArbitrary = IReactorArbitrary
class IReactorTCP(Interface):
def listenTCP(port, factory, backlog=50, interface=''): """ Connects a given protocol factory to the given numeric TCP/IP port.
@param port: a port number on which to listen
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ServerFactory} instance
@param backlog: size of the listen queue
@param interface: the hostname to bind to, defaults to '' (all)
@return: an object that provides L{IListeningPort}.
@raise CannotListenError: as defined here L{twisted.internet.error.CannotListenError}, if it cannot listen on this port (e.g., it cannot bind to the required port number) """
def connectTCP(host, port, factory, timeout=30, bindAddress=None): """ Connect a TCP client.
@param host: a host name
@param port: a port number
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory} instance
@param timeout: number of seconds to wait before assuming the connection has failed.
@param bindAddress: a (host, port) tuple of local address to bind to, or None.
@return: An object which provides L{IConnector}. This connector will call various callbacks on the factory when a connection is made, failed, or lost - see L{ClientFactory<twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory>} docs for details. """
class IReactorSSL(Interface):
def connectSSL(host, port, factory, contextFactory, timeout=30, bindAddress=None): """ Connect a client Protocol to a remote SSL socket.
@param host: a host name
@param port: a port number
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory} instance
@param contextFactory: a L{twisted.internet.ssl.ClientContextFactory} object.
@param timeout: number of seconds to wait before assuming the connection has failed.
@param bindAddress: a (host, port) tuple of local address to bind to, or C{None}.
@return: An object which provides L{IConnector}. """
def listenSSL(port, factory, contextFactory, backlog=50, interface=''): """ Connects a given protocol factory to the given numeric TCP/IP port. The connection is a SSL one, using contexts created by the context factory.
@param port: a port number on which to listen
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ServerFactory} instance
@param contextFactory: a L{twisted.internet.ssl.ContextFactory} instance
@param backlog: size of the listen queue
@param interface: the hostname to bind to, defaults to '' (all) """
class IReactorUNIX(Interface): """ UNIX socket methods. """
def connectUNIX(address, factory, timeout=30, checkPID=0): """ Connect a client protocol to a UNIX socket.
@param address: a path to a unix socket on the filesystem.
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory} instance
@param timeout: number of seconds to wait before assuming the connection has failed.
@param checkPID: if True, check for a pid file to verify that a server is listening. If C{address} is a Linux abstract namespace path, this must be C{False}.
@return: An object which provides L{IConnector}. """
def listenUNIX(address, factory, backlog=50, mode=0666, wantPID=0): """ Listen on a UNIX socket.
@param address: a path to a unix socket on the filesystem.
@param factory: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.Factory} instance.
@param backlog: number of connections to allow in backlog.
@param mode: The mode (B{not} umask) to set on the unix socket. See platform specific documentation for information about how this might affect connection attempts. @type mode: C{int}
@param wantPID: if True, create a pidfile for the socket. If C{address} is a Linux abstract namespace path, this must be C{False}.
@return: An object which provides L{IListeningPort}. """
class IReactorUNIXDatagram(Interface): """ Datagram UNIX socket methods. """
def connectUNIXDatagram(address, protocol, maxPacketSize=8192, mode=0666, bindAddress=None): """ Connect a client protocol to a datagram UNIX socket.
@param address: a path to a unix socket on the filesystem.
@param protocol: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.ConnectedDatagramProtocol} instance
@param maxPacketSize: maximum packet size to accept
@param mode: The mode (B{not} umask) to set on the unix socket. See platform specific documentation for information about how this might affect connection attempts. @type mode: C{int}
@param bindAddress: address to bind to
@return: An object which provides L{IConnector}. """
def listenUNIXDatagram(address, protocol, maxPacketSize=8192, mode=0666): """ Listen on a datagram UNIX socket.
@param address: a path to a unix socket on the filesystem.
@param protocol: a L{twisted.internet.protocol.DatagramProtocol} instance.
@param maxPacketSize: maximum packet size to accept
@param mode: The mode (B{not} umask) to set on the unix socket. See platform specific documentation for information about how this might affect connection attempts. @type mode: C{int}
@return: An object which provides L{IListeningPort}. """
class IReactorUDP(Interface): """ UDP socket methods. """
def listenUDP(port, protocol, interface='', maxPacketSize=8192): """ Connects a given DatagramProtocol to the given numeric UDP port.
@return: object which provides L{IListeningPort}. """
class IReactorMulticast(Interface): """ UDP socket methods that support multicast.
IMPORTANT: This is an experimental new interface. It may change without backwards compatability. Suggestions are welcome. """
def listenMulticast(port, protocol, interface='', maxPacketSize=8192, listenMultiple=False): """ Connects a given L{DatagramProtocol<twisted.internet.protocol.DatagramProtocol>} to the given numeric UDP port.
@param listenMultiple: boolean indicating whether multiple sockets can bind to same UDP port.
@returns: An object which provides L{IListeningPort}. """
class IReactorProcess(Interface):
def spawnProcess(processProtocol, executable, args=(), env={}, path=None, uid=None, gid=None, usePTY=0, childFDs=None): """ Spawn a process, with a process protocol.
@type processProtocol: L{IProcessProtocol} provider @param processProtocol: An object which will be notified of all events related to the created process.
@param executable: the file name to spawn - the full path should be used.
@param args: the command line arguments to pass to the process; a sequence of strings. The first string should be the executable's name.
@type env: a C{dict} mapping C{str} to C{str}, or C{None}. @param env: the environment variables to pass to the child process. The resulting behavior varies between platforms. If - C{env} is not set: - On POSIX: pass an empty environment. - On Windows: pass C{os.environ}. - C{env} is C{None}: - On POSIX: pass C{os.environ}. - On Windows: pass C{os.environ}. - C{env} is a C{dict}: - On POSIX: pass the key/value pairs in C{env} as the complete environment. - On Windows: update C{os.environ} with the key/value pairs in the C{dict} before passing it. As a consequence of U{bug #1640 <http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/1640>}, passing keys with empty values in an effort to unset environment variables I{won't} unset them.
@param path: the path to run the subprocess in - defaults to the current directory.
@param uid: user ID to run the subprocess as. (Only available on POSIX systems.)
@param gid: group ID to run the subprocess as. (Only available on POSIX systems.)
@param usePTY: if true, run this process in a pseudo-terminal. optionally a tuple of C{(masterfd, slavefd, ttyname)}, in which case use those file descriptors. (Not available on all systems.)
@param childFDs: A dictionary mapping file descriptors in the new child process to an integer or to the string 'r' or 'w'.
If the value is an integer, it specifies a file descriptor in the parent process which will be mapped to a file descriptor (specified by the key) in the child process. This is useful for things like inetd and shell-like file redirection.
If it is the string 'r', a pipe will be created and attached to the child at that file descriptor: the child will be able to write to that file descriptor and the parent will receive read notification via the L{IProcessProtocol.childDataReceived} callback. This is useful for the child's stdout and stderr.
If it is the string 'w', similar setup to the previous case will occur, with the pipe being readable by the child instead of writeable. The parent process can write to that file descriptor using L{IProcessTransport.writeToChild}. This is useful for the child's stdin.
If childFDs is not passed, the default behaviour is to use a mapping that opens the usual stdin/stdout/stderr pipes.
@see: L{twisted.internet.protocol.ProcessProtocol}
@return: An object which provides L{IProcessTransport}.
@raise OSError: Raised with errno C{EAGAIN} or C{ENOMEM} if there are insufficient system resources to create a new process. """
class IReactorTime(Interface): """ Time methods that a Reactor should implement. """
def seconds(): """ Get the current time in seconds.
@return: A number-like object of some sort. """
def callLater(delay, callable, *args, **kw): """ Call a function later.
@type delay: C{float} @param delay: the number of seconds to wait.
@param callable: the callable object to call later.
@param args: the arguments to call it with.
@param kw: the keyword arguments to call it with.
@return: An object which provides L{IDelayedCall} and can be used to cancel the scheduled call, by calling its C{cancel()} method. It also may be rescheduled by calling its C{delay()} or C{reset()} methods. """
def cancelCallLater(callID): """ This method is deprecated.
Cancel a call that would happen later.
@param callID: this is an opaque identifier returned from C{callLater} that will be used to cancel a specific call.
@raise ValueError: if the callID is not recognized. """
def getDelayedCalls(): """ Retrieve all currently scheduled delayed calls.
@return: A tuple of all L{IDelayedCall} providers representing all currently scheduled calls. This is everything that has been returned by C{callLater} but not yet called or canceled. """
class IDelayedCall(Interface): """ A scheduled call.
There are probably other useful methods we can add to this interface; suggestions are welcome. """
def getTime(): """ Get time when delayed call will happen.
@return: time in seconds since epoch (a float). """
def cancel(): """ Cancel the scheduled call.
@raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCalled: if the call has already happened. @raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCancelled: if the call has already been cancelled. """
def delay(secondsLater): """ Delay the scheduled call.
@param secondsLater: how many seconds from its current firing time to delay
@raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCalled: if the call has already happened. @raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCancelled: if the call has already been cancelled. """
def reset(secondsFromNow): """ Reset the scheduled call's timer.
@param secondsFromNow: how many seconds from now it should fire, equivalent to C{.cancel()} and then doing another C{reactor.callLater(secondsLater, ...)}
@raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCalled: if the call has already happened. @raises twisted.internet.error.AlreadyCancelled: if the call has already been cancelled. """
def active(): """ @return: True if this call is still active, False if it has been called or cancelled. """
class IReactorThreads(Interface): """ Dispatch methods to be run in threads.
Internally, this should use a thread pool and dispatch methods to them. """
def getThreadPool(): """ Return the threadpool used by L{callInThread}. Create it first if necessary.
@rtype: L{twisted.python.threadpool.ThreadPool} """
def callInThread(callable, *args, **kwargs): """ Run the callable object in a separate thread. """
def callFromThread(callable, *args, **kw): """ Cause a function to be executed by the reactor thread.
Use this method when you want to run a function in the reactor's thread from another thread. Calling L{callFromThread} should wake up the main thread (where L{reactor.run()<reactor.run>} is executing) and run the given callable in that thread.
If you're writing a multi-threaded application the C{callable} may need to be thread safe, but this method doesn't require it as such. If you want to call a function in the next mainloop iteration, but you're in the same thread, use L{callLater} with a delay of 0. """
def suggestThreadPoolSize(size): """ Suggest the size of the internal threadpool used to dispatch functions passed to L{callInThread}. """
class IReactorCore(Interface): """ Core methods that a Reactor must implement. """
running = Attribute( "A C{bool} which is C{True} from I{during startup} to " "I{during shutdown} and C{False} the rest of the time.")
def resolve(name, timeout=10): """ Return a L{twisted.internet.defer.Deferred} that will resolve a hostname. """
def run(): """ Fire 'startup' System Events, move the reactor to the 'running' state, then run the main loop until it is stopped with C{stop()} or C{crash()}. """
def stop(): """ Fire 'shutdown' System Events, which will move the reactor to the 'stopped' state and cause C{reactor.run()} to exit. """
def crash(): """ Stop the main loop *immediately*, without firing any system events.
This is named as it is because this is an extremely "rude" thing to do; it is possible to lose data and put your system in an inconsistent state by calling this. However, it is necessary, as sometimes a system can become wedged in a pre-shutdown call. """
def iterate(delay=0): """ Run the main loop's I/O polling function for a period of time.
This is most useful in applications where the UI is being drawn "as fast as possible", such as games. All pending L{IDelayedCall}s will be called.
The reactor must have been started (via the C{run()} method) prior to any invocations of this method. It must also be stopped manually after the last call to this method (via the C{stop()} method). This method is not re-entrant: you must not call it recursively; in particular, you must not call it while the reactor is running. """
def fireSystemEvent(eventType): """ Fire a system-wide event.
System-wide events are things like 'startup', 'shutdown', and 'persist'. """
def addSystemEventTrigger(phase, eventType, callable, *args, **kw): """ Add a function to be called when a system event occurs.
Each "system event" in Twisted, such as 'startup', 'shutdown', and 'persist', has 3 phases: 'before', 'during', and 'after' (in that order, of course). These events will be fired internally by the Reactor.
An implementor of this interface must only implement those events described here.
Callbacks registered for the "before" phase may return either None or a Deferred. The "during" phase will not execute until all of the Deferreds from the "before" phase have fired.
Once the "during" phase is running, all of the remaining triggers must execute; their return values must be ignored.
@param phase: a time to call the event -- either the string 'before', 'after', or 'during', describing when to call it relative to the event's execution.
@param eventType: this is a string describing the type of event.
@param callable: the object to call before shutdown.
@param args: the arguments to call it with.
@param kw: the keyword arguments to call it with.
@return: an ID that can be used to remove this call with removeSystemEventTrigger. """
def removeSystemEventTrigger(triggerID): """ Removes a trigger added with addSystemEventTrigger.
@param triggerID: a value returned from addSystemEventTrigger.
@raise KeyError: If there is no system event trigger for the given C{triggerID}.
@raise ValueError: If there is no system event trigger for the given C{triggerID}.
@raise TypeError: If there is no system event trigger for the given C{triggerID}. """
def callWhenRunning(callable, *args, **kw): """ Call a function when the reactor is running.
If the reactor has not started, the callable will be scheduled to run when it does start. Otherwise, the callable will be invoked immediately.
@param callable: the callable object to call later.
@param args: the arguments to call it with.
@param kw: the keyword arguments to call it with.
@return: None if the callable was invoked, otherwise a system event id for the scheduled call. """
class IReactorPluggableResolver(Interface): """ A reactor with a pluggable name resolver interface. """
def installResolver(resolver): """ Set the internal resolver to use to for name lookups.
@type resolver: An object implementing the L{IResolverSimple} interface @param resolver: The new resolver to use.
@return: The previously installed resolver. """
class IReactorFDSet(Interface): """ Implement me to be able to use L{IFileDescriptor} type resources.
This assumes that your main-loop uses UNIX-style numeric file descriptors (or at least similarly opaque IDs returned from a .fileno() method) """
def addReader(reader): """ I add reader to the set of file descriptors to get read events for.
@param reader: An L{IReadDescriptor} provider that will be checked for read events until it is removed from the reactor with L{removeReader}.
@return: C{None}. """
def addWriter(writer): """ I add writer to the set of file descriptors to get write events for.
@param writer: An L{IWriteDescriptor} provider that will be checked for write events until it is removed from the reactor with L{removeWriter}.
@return: C{None}. """
def removeReader(reader): """ Removes an object previously added with L{addReader}.
@return: C{None}. """
def removeWriter(writer): """ Removes an object previously added with L{addWriter}.
@return: C{None}. """
def removeAll(): """ Remove all readers and writers.
Should not remove reactor internal reactor connections (like a waker).
@return: A list of L{IReadDescriptor} and L{IWriteDescriptor} providers which were removed. """
def getReaders(): """ Return the list of file descriptors currently monitored for input events by the reactor.
@return: the list of file descriptors monitored for input events. @rtype: C{list} of C{IReadDescriptor} """
def getWriters(): """ Return the list file descriptors currently monitored for output events by the reactor.
@return: the list of file descriptors monitored for output events. @rtype: C{list} of C{IWriteDescriptor} """
class IListeningPort(Interface): """ A listening port. """
def startListening(): """ Start listening on this port.
@raise CannotListenError: If it cannot listen on this port (e.g., it is a TCP port and it cannot bind to the required port number). """
def stopListening(): """ Stop listening on this port.
If it does not complete immediately, will return Deferred that fires upon completion. """
def getHost(): """ Get the host that this port is listening for.
@return: An L{IAddress} provider. """
class ILoggingContext(Interface): """ Give context information that will be used to log events generated by this item. """
def logPrefix(): """ @return: Prefix used during log formatting to indicate context. @rtype: C{str} """
class IFileDescriptor(ILoggingContext): """ An interface representing a UNIX-style numeric file descriptor. """
def fileno(): """ @return: The platform-specified representation of a file descriptor number. """
def connectionLost(reason): """ Called when the connection was lost.
This is called when the connection on a selectable object has been lost. It will be called whether the connection was closed explicitly, an exception occurred in an event handler, or the other end of the connection closed it first.
See also L{IHalfCloseableDescriptor} if your descriptor wants to be notified separately of the two halves of the connection being closed.
@param reason: A failure instance indicating the reason why the connection was lost. L{error.ConnectionLost} and L{error.ConnectionDone} are of special note, but the failure may be of other classes as well. """
class IReadDescriptor(IFileDescriptor): """ An L{IFileDescriptor} that can read.
This interface is generally used in conjunction with L{IReactorFDSet}. """
def doRead(): """ Some data is available for reading on your descriptor. """
class IWriteDescriptor(IFileDescriptor): """ An L{IFileDescriptor} that can write.
This interface is generally used in conjunction with L{IReactorFDSet}. """
def doWrite(): """ Some data can be written to your descriptor. """
class IReadWriteDescriptor(IReadDescriptor, IWriteDescriptor): """ An L{IFileDescriptor} that can both read and write. """
class IHalfCloseableDescriptor(Interface): """ A descriptor that can be half-closed. """
def writeConnectionLost(reason): """ Indicates write connection was lost. """
def readConnectionLost(reason): """ Indicates read connection was lost. """
class ISystemHandle(Interface): """ An object that wraps a networking OS-specific handle. """
def getHandle(): """ Return a system- and reactor-specific handle.
This might be a socket.socket() object, or some other type of object, depending on which reactor is being used. Use and manipulate at your own risk.
This might be used in cases where you want to set specific options not exposed by the Twisted APIs. """
class IConsumer(Interface): """ A consumer consumes data from a producer. """
def registerProducer(producer, streaming): """ Register to receive data from a producer.
This sets self to be a consumer for a producer. When this object runs out of data (as when a send(2) call on a socket succeeds in moving the last data from a userspace buffer into a kernelspace buffer), it will ask the producer to resumeProducing().
For L{IPullProducer} providers, C{resumeProducing} will be called once each time data is required.
For L{IPushProducer} providers, C{pauseProducing} will be called whenever the write buffer fills up and C{resumeProducing} will only be called when it empties.
@type producer: L{IProducer} provider
@type streaming: C{bool} @param streaming: C{True} if C{producer} provides L{IPushProducer}, C{False} if C{producer} provides L{IPullProducer}.
@raise RuntimeError: If a producer is already registered.
@return: C{None} """
def unregisterProducer(): """ Stop consuming data from a producer, without disconnecting. """
def write(data): """ The producer will write data by calling this method. """
class IFinishableConsumer(IConsumer): """ A Consumer for producers that finish. """
def finish(): """ The producer has finished producing. """
class IProducer(Interface): """ A producer produces data for a consumer.
Typically producing is done by calling the write method of an class implementing L{IConsumer}. """
def stopProducing(): """ Stop producing data.
This tells a producer that its consumer has died, so it must stop producing data for good. """
class IPushProducer(IProducer): """ A push producer, also known as a streaming producer is expected to produce (write to this consumer) data on a continous basis, unless it has been paused. A paused push producer will resume producing after its resumeProducing() method is called. For a push producer which is not pauseable, these functions may be noops. """
def pauseProducing(): """ Pause producing data.
Tells a producer that it has produced too much data to process for the time being, and to stop until resumeProducing() is called. """ def resumeProducing(): """ Resume producing data.
This tells a producer to re-add itself to the main loop and produce more data for its consumer. """
class IPullProducer(IProducer): """ A pull producer, also known as a non-streaming producer, is expected to produce data each time resumeProducing() is called. """
def resumeProducing(): """ Produce data for the consumer a single time.
This tells a producer to produce data for the consumer once (not repeatedly, once only). Typically this will be done by calling the consumer's write() method a single time with produced data. """
class IProtocol(Interface):
def dataReceived(data): """ Called whenever data is received.
Use this method to translate to a higher-level message. Usually, some callback will be made upon the receipt of each complete protocol message.
@param data: a string of indeterminate length. Please keep in mind that you will probably need to buffer some data, as partial (or multiple) protocol messages may be received! I recommend that unit tests for protocols call through to this method with differing chunk sizes, down to one byte at a time. """
def connectionLost(reason): """ Called when the connection is shut down.
Clear any circular references here, and any external references to this Protocol. The connection has been closed. The C{reason} Failure wraps a L{twisted.internet.error.ConnectionDone} or L{twisted.internet.error.ConnectionLost} instance (or a subclass of one of those).
@type reason: L{twisted.python.failure.Failure} """
def makeConnection(transport): """ Make a connection to a transport and a server. """
def connectionMade(): """ Called when a connection is made.
This may be considered the initializer of the protocol, because it is called when the connection is completed. For clients, this is called once the connection to the server has been established; for servers, this is called after an accept() call stops blocking and a socket has been received. If you need to send any greeting or initial message, do it here. """
class IProcessProtocol(Interface): """ Interface for process-related event handlers. """
def makeConnection(process): """ Called when the process has been created.
@type process: L{IProcessTransport} provider @param process: An object representing the process which has been created and associated with this protocol. """
def childDataReceived(childFD, data): """ Called when data arrives from the child process.
@type childFD: C{int} @param childFD: The file descriptor from which the data was received.
@type data: C{str} @param data: The data read from the child's file descriptor. """
def childConnectionLost(childFD): """ Called when a file descriptor associated with the child process is closed.
@type childFD: C{int} @param childFD: The file descriptor which was closed. """
def processExited(reason): """ Called when the child process exits.
@type reason: L{twisted.python.failure.Failure} @param reason: A failure giving the reason the child process terminated. The type of exception for this failure is either L{twisted.internet.error.ProcessDone} or L{twisted.internet.error.ProcessTerminated}.
@since: 8.2 """
def processEnded(reason): """ Called when the child process exits and all file descriptors associated with it have been closed.
@type reason: L{twisted.python.failure.Failure} @param reason: A failure giving the reason the child process terminated. The type of exception for this failure is either L{twisted.internet.error.ProcessDone} or L{twisted.internet.error.ProcessTerminated}. """
class IHalfCloseableProtocol(Interface): """ Implemented to indicate they want notification of half-closes.
TCP supports the notion of half-closing the connection, e.g. closing the write side but still not stopping reading. A protocol that implements this interface will be notified of such events, instead of having connectionLost called. """
def readConnectionLost(): """ Notification of the read connection being closed.
This indicates peer did half-close of write side. It is now the responsiblity of the this protocol to call loseConnection(). In addition, the protocol MUST make sure a reference to it still exists (i.e. by doing a callLater with one of its methods, etc.) as the reactor will only have a reference to it if it is writing.
If the protocol does not do so, it might get garbage collected without the connectionLost method ever being called. """
def writeConnectionLost(): """ Notification of the write connection being closed.
This will never be called for TCP connections as TCP does not support notification of this type of half-close. """
class IProtocolFactory(Interface): """ Interface for protocol factories. """
def buildProtocol(addr): """ Called when a connection has been established to addr.
If None is returned, the connection is assumed to have been refused, and the Port will close the connection.
@type addr: (host, port) @param addr: The address of the newly-established connection
@return: None if the connection was refused, otherwise an object providing L{IProtocol}. """
def doStart(): """ Called every time this is connected to a Port or Connector. """
def doStop(): """ Called every time this is unconnected from a Port or Connector. """
class ITransport(Interface): """ I am a transport for bytes.
I represent (and wrap) the physical connection and synchronicity of the framework which is talking to the network. I make no representations about whether calls to me will happen immediately or require returning to a control loop, or whether they will happen in the same or another thread. Consider methods of this class (aside from getPeer) to be 'thrown over the wall', to happen at some indeterminate time. """
def write(data): """ Write some data to the physical connection, in sequence, in a non-blocking fashion.
If possible, make sure that it is all written. No data will ever be lost, although (obviously) the connection may be closed before it all gets through. """
def writeSequence(data): """ Write a list of strings to the physical connection.
If possible, make sure that all of the data is written to the socket at once, without first copying it all into a single string. """
def loseConnection(): """ Close my connection, after writing all pending data.
Note that if there is a registered producer on a transport it will not be closed until the producer has been unregistered. """
def getPeer(): """ Get the remote address of this connection.
Treat this method with caution. It is the unfortunate result of the CGI and Jabber standards, but should not be considered reliable for the usual host of reasons; port forwarding, proxying, firewalls, IP masquerading, etc.
@return: An L{IAddress} provider. """
def getHost(): """ Similar to getPeer, but returns an address describing this side of the connection.
@return: An L{IAddress} provider. """
class ITCPTransport(ITransport): """ A TCP based transport. """
def loseWriteConnection(): """ Half-close the write side of a TCP connection.
If the protocol instance this is attached to provides IHalfCloseableProtocol, it will get notified when the operation is done. When closing write connection, as with loseConnection this will only happen when buffer has emptied and there is no registered producer. """
def getTcpNoDelay(): """ Return if C{TCP_NODELAY} is enabled. """
def setTcpNoDelay(enabled): """ Enable/disable C{TCP_NODELAY}.
Enabling C{TCP_NODELAY} turns off Nagle's algorithm. Small packets are sent sooner, possibly at the expense of overall throughput. """
def getTcpKeepAlive(): """ Return if C{SO_KEEPALIVE} is enabled. """
def setTcpKeepAlive(enabled): """ Enable/disable C{SO_KEEPALIVE}.
Enabling C{SO_KEEPALIVE} sends packets periodically when the connection is otherwise idle, usually once every two hours. They are intended to allow detection of lost peers in a non-infinite amount of time. """
def getHost(): """ Returns L{IPv4Address}. """
def getPeer(): """ Returns L{IPv4Address}. """
class ITLSTransport(ITCPTransport): """ A TCP transport that supports switching to TLS midstream.
Once TLS mode is started the transport will implement L{ISSLTransport}. """
def startTLS(contextFactory): """ Initiate TLS negotiation.
@param contextFactory: A context factory (see L{ssl.py<twisted.internet.ssl>}) """
class ISSLTransport(ITCPTransport): """ A SSL/TLS based transport. """
def getPeerCertificate(): """ Return an object with the peer's certificate info. """
class IProcessTransport(ITransport): """ A process transport. """
pid = Attribute( "From before L{IProcessProtocol.makeConnection} is called to before " "L{IProcessProtocol.processEnded} is called, C{pid} is an L{int} " "giving the platform process ID of this process. C{pid} is L{None} " "at all other times.")
def closeStdin(): """ Close stdin after all data has been written out. """
def closeStdout(): """ Close stdout. """
def closeStderr(): """ Close stderr. """
def closeChildFD(descriptor): """ Close a file descriptor which is connected to the child process, identified by its FD in the child process. """
def writeToChild(childFD, data): """ Similar to L{ITransport.write} but also allows the file descriptor in the child process which will receive the bytes to be specified.
This is not available on all platforms.
@type childFD: C{int} @param childFD: The file descriptor to which to write.
@type data: C{str} @param data: The bytes to write.
@return: C{None} """
def loseConnection(): """ Close stdin, stderr and stdout. """
def signalProcess(signalID): """ Send a signal to the process.
@param signalID: can be - one of C{"KILL"}, C{"TERM"}, or C{"INT"}. These will be implemented in a cross-platform manner, and so should be used if possible. - an integer, where it represents a POSIX signal ID.
@raise twisted.internet.error.ProcessExitedAlready: The process has already exited. """
class IServiceCollection(Interface): """ An object which provides access to a collection of services. """
def getServiceNamed(serviceName): """ Retrieve the named service from this application.
Raise a C{KeyError} if there is no such service name. """
def addService(service): """ Add a service to this collection. """
def removeService(service): """ Remove a service from this collection. """
class IUDPTransport(Interface): """ Transport for UDP DatagramProtocols. """
def write(packet, addr=None): """ Write packet to given address.
@param addr: a tuple of (ip, port). For connected transports must be the address the transport is connected to, or None. In non-connected mode this is mandatory.
@raise twisted.internet.error.MessageLengthError: C{packet} was too long. """
def connect(host, port): """ Connect the transport to an address.
This changes it to connected mode. Datagrams can only be sent to this address, and will only be received from this address. In addition the protocol's connectionRefused method might get called if destination is not receiving datagrams.
@param host: an IP address, not a domain name ('127.0.0.1', not 'localhost') @param port: port to connect to. """
def getHost(): """ Returns L{IPv4Address}. """
def stopListening(): """ Stop listening on this port.
If it does not complete immediately, will return L{Deferred} that fires upon completion. """
class IUNIXDatagramTransport(Interface): """ Transport for UDP PacketProtocols. """
def write(packet, address): """ Write packet to given address. """
def getHost(): """ Returns L{UNIXAddress}. """
class IUNIXDatagramConnectedTransport(Interface): """ Transport for UDP ConnectedPacketProtocols. """
def write(packet): """ Write packet to address we are connected to. """
def getHost(): """ Returns L{UNIXAddress}. """
def getPeer(): """ Returns L{UNIXAddress}. """
class IMulticastTransport(Interface): """ Additional functionality for multicast UDP. """
def getOutgoingInterface(): """ Return interface of outgoing multicast packets. """
def setOutgoingInterface(addr): """ Set interface for outgoing multicast packets.
Returns Deferred of success. """
def getLoopbackMode(): """ Return if loopback mode is enabled. """
def setLoopbackMode(mode): """ Set if loopback mode is enabled. """
def getTTL(): """ Get time to live for multicast packets. """
def setTTL(ttl): """ Set time to live on multicast packets. """
def joinGroup(addr, interface=""): """ Join a multicast group. Returns L{Deferred} of success or failure.
If an error occurs, the returned L{Deferred} will fail with L{error.MulticastJoinError}. """
def leaveGroup(addr, interface=""): """ Leave multicast group, return L{Deferred} of success. """
class IStreamClientEndpoint(Interface): """ A stream client endpoint is a place that L{ClientFactory} can connect to. For example, a remote TCP host/port pair would be a TCP client endpoint.
@since: 10.1 """
def connect(protocolFactory): """ Connect the C{protocolFactory} to the location specified by this L{IStreamClientEndpoint} provider.
@param protocolFactory: A provider of L{IProtocolFactory} @return: A L{Deferred} that results in an L{IProtocol} upon successful connection otherwise a L{ConnectError} """
class IStreamServerEndpoint(Interface): """ A stream server endpoint is a place that a L{Factory} can listen for incoming connections.
@since: 10.1 """
def listen(protocolFactory): """ Listen with C{protocolFactory} at the location specified by this L{IStreamServerEndpoint} provider.
@param protocolFactory: A provider of L{IProtocolFactory} @return: A L{Deferred} that results in an L{IListeningPort} or an L{CannotListenError} """
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