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"""HTTP cookie handling for web clients.
This module originally developed from my port of Gisle Aas' Perl module
HTTP::Cookies, from the libwww-perl library.
Docstrings, comments and debug strings in this code refer to the
attributes of the HTTP cookie system as cookie-attributes, to distinguish
them clearly from Python attributes.
CookieJar____
/ \ \
FileCookieJar \ \
/ | \ \ \
MozillaCookieJar | LWPCookieJar \ \
| | \
| ---MSIEBase | \
| / | | \
| / MSIEDBCookieJar BSDDBCookieJar
|/
MSIECookieJar
Comments to John J Lee <jjl@pobox.com>.
Copyright 2002-2006 John J Lee <jjl@pobox.com>
Copyright 1997-1999 Gisle Aas (original libwww-perl code)
Copyright 2002-2003 Johnny Lee (original MSIE Perl code)
This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the BSD or ZPL 2.1 licenses (see the file
COPYING.txt included with the distribution).
"""
import sys, re, copy, time, urllib, types, logging
try:
import threading
_threading = threading; del threading
except ImportError:
import dummy_threading
_threading = dummy_threading; del dummy_threading
MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT = ("a filename was not supplied (nor was the CookieJar "
"instance initialised with one)")
DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT = "80"
from _headersutil import split_header_words, parse_ns_headers
from _util import isstringlike
import _rfc3986
debug = logging.getLogger("mechanize.cookies").debug
def reraise_unmasked_exceptions(unmasked=()):
# There are a few catch-all except: statements in this module, for
# catching input that's bad in unexpected ways.
# This function re-raises some exceptions we don't want to trap.
import mechanize, warnings
if not mechanize.USE_BARE_EXCEPT:
raise
unmasked = unmasked + (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError)
etype = sys.exc_info()[0]
if issubclass(etype, unmasked):
raise
# swallowed an exception
import traceback, StringIO
f = StringIO.StringIO()
traceback.print_exc(None, f)
msg = f.getvalue()
warnings.warn("mechanize bug!\n%s" % msg, stacklevel=2)
IPV4_RE = re.compile(r"\.\d+$")
def is_HDN(text):
"""Return True if text is a host domain name."""
# XXX
# This may well be wrong. Which RFC is HDN defined in, if any (for
# the purposes of RFC 2965)?
# For the current implementation, what about IPv6? Remember to look
# at other uses of IPV4_RE also, if change this.
return not (IPV4_RE.search(text) or
text == "" or
text[0] == "." or text[-1] == ".")
def domain_match(A, B):
"""Return True if domain A domain-matches domain B, according to RFC 2965.
A and B may be host domain names or IP addresses.
RFC 2965, section 1:
Host names can be specified either as an IP address or a HDN string.
Sometimes we compare one host name with another. (Such comparisons SHALL
be case-insensitive.) Host A's name domain-matches host B's if
* their host name strings string-compare equal; or
* A is a HDN string and has the form NB, where N is a non-empty
name string, B has the form .B', and B' is a HDN string. (So,
x.y.com domain-matches .Y.com but not Y.com.)
Note that domain-match is not a commutative operation: a.b.c.com
domain-matches .c.com, but not the reverse.
"""
# Note that, if A or B are IP addresses, the only relevant part of the
# definition of the domain-match algorithm is the direct string-compare.
A = A.lower()
B = B.lower()
if A == B:
return True
if not is_HDN(A):
return False
i = A.rfind(B)
has_form_nb = not (i == -1 or i == 0)
return (
has_form_nb and
B.startswith(".") and
is_HDN(B[1:])
)
def liberal_is_HDN(text):
"""Return True if text is a sort-of-like a host domain name.
For accepting/blocking domains.
"""
return not IPV4_RE.search(text)
def user_domain_match(A, B):
"""For blocking/accepting domains.
A and B may be host domain names or IP addresses.
"""
A = A.lower()
B = B.lower()
if not (liberal_is_HDN(A) and liberal_is_HDN(B)):
if A == B:
# equal IP addresses
return True
return False
initial_dot = B.startswith(".")
if initial_dot and A.endswith(B):
return True
if not initial_dot and A == B:
return True
return False
cut_port_re = re.compile(r":\d+$")
def request_host(request):
"""Return request-host, as defined by RFC 2965.
Variation from RFC: returned value is lowercased, for convenient
comparison.
"""
url = request.get_full_url()
host = _rfc3986.urlsplit(url)[1]
if host is None:
host = request.get_header("Host", "")
# remove port, if present
return cut_port_re.sub("", host, 1)
def request_host_lc(request):
return request_host(request).lower()
def eff_request_host(request):
"""Return a tuple (request-host, effective request-host name)."""
erhn = req_host = request_host(request)
if req_host.find(".") == -1 and not IPV4_RE.search(req_host):
erhn = req_host + ".local"
return req_host, erhn
def eff_request_host_lc(request):
req_host, erhn = eff_request_host(request)
return req_host.lower(), erhn.lower()
def effective_request_host(request):
"""Return the effective request-host, as defined by RFC 2965."""
return eff_request_host(request)[1]
def request_path(request):
"""request-URI, as defined by RFC 2965."""
url = request.get_full_url()
path, query, frag = _rfc3986.urlsplit(url)[2:]
path = escape_path(path)
req_path = _rfc3986.urlunsplit((None, None, path, query, frag))
if not req_path.startswith("/"):
req_path = "/"+req_path
return req_path
def request_port(request):
host = request.get_host()
i = host.find(':')
if i >= 0:
port = host[i+1:]
try:
int(port)
except ValueError:
debug("nonnumeric port: '%s'", port)
return None
else:
port = DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT
return port
def request_is_unverifiable(request):
try:
return request.is_unverifiable()
except AttributeError:
if hasattr(request, "unverifiable"):
return request.unverifiable
else:
raise
# Characters in addition to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '.', and '-' that don't
# need to be escaped to form a valid HTTP URL (RFCs 2396 and 1738).
HTTP_PATH_SAFE = "%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()"
ESCAPED_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])")
def uppercase_escaped_char(match):
return "%%%s" % match.group(1).upper()
def escape_path(path):
"""Escape any invalid characters in HTTP URL, and uppercase all escapes."""
# There's no knowing what character encoding was used to create URLs
# containing %-escapes, but since we have to pick one to escape invalid
# path characters, we pick UTF-8, as recommended in the HTML 4.0
# specification:
# http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/appendix/notes.html#h-B.2.1
# And here, kind of: draft-fielding-uri-rfc2396bis-03
# (And in draft IRI specification: draft-duerst-iri-05)
# (And here, for new URI schemes: RFC 2718)
if isinstance(path, types.UnicodeType):
path = path.encode("utf-8")
path = urllib.quote(path, HTTP_PATH_SAFE)
path = ESCAPED_CHAR_RE.sub(uppercase_escaped_char, path)
return path
def reach(h):
"""Return reach of host h, as defined by RFC 2965, section 1.
The reach R of a host name H is defined as follows:
* If
- H is the host domain name of a host; and,
- H has the form A.B; and
- A has no embedded (that is, interior) dots; and
- B has at least one embedded dot, or B is the string "local".
then the reach of H is .B.
* Otherwise, the reach of H is H.
>>> reach("www.acme.com")
'.acme.com'
>>> reach("acme.com")
'acme.com'
>>> reach("acme.local")
'.local'
"""
i = h.find(".")
if i >= 0:
#a = h[:i] # this line is only here to show what a is
b = h[i+1:]
i = b.find(".")
if is_HDN(h) and (i >= 0 or b == "local"):
return "."+b
return h
def is_third_party(request):
"""
RFC 2965, section 3.3.6:
An unverifiable transaction is to a third-party host if its request-
host U does not domain-match the reach R of the request-host O in the
origin transaction.
"""
req_host = request_host_lc(request)
# the origin request's request-host was stuffed into request by
# _urllib2_support.AbstractHTTPHandler
return not domain_match(req_host, reach(request.origin_req_host))
class Cookie:
"""HTTP Cookie.
This class represents both Netscape and RFC 2965 cookies.
This is deliberately a very simple class. It just holds attributes. It's
possible to construct Cookie instances that don't comply with the cookie
standards. CookieJar.make_cookies is the factory function for Cookie
objects -- it deals with cookie parsing, supplying defaults, and
normalising to the representation used in this class. CookiePolicy is
responsible for checking them to see whether they should be accepted from
and returned to the server.
version: integer;
name: string;
value: string (may be None);
port: string; None indicates no attribute was supplied (eg. "Port", rather
than eg. "Port=80"); otherwise, a port string (eg. "80") or a port list
string (eg. "80,8080")
port_specified: boolean; true if a value was supplied with the Port
cookie-attribute
domain: string;
domain_specified: boolean; true if Domain was explicitly set
domain_initial_dot: boolean; true if Domain as set in HTTP header by server
started with a dot (yes, this really is necessary!)
path: string;
path_specified: boolean; true if Path was explicitly set
secure: boolean; true if should only be returned over secure connection
expires: integer; seconds since epoch (RFC 2965 cookies should calculate
this value from the Max-Age attribute)
discard: boolean, true if this is a session cookie; (if no expires value,
this should be true)
comment: string;
comment_url: string;
rfc2109: boolean; true if cookie arrived in a Set-Cookie: (not
Set-Cookie2:) header, but had a version cookie-attribute of 1
rest: mapping of other cookie-attributes
Note that the port may be present in the headers, but unspecified ("Port"
rather than"Port=80", for example); if this is the case, port is None.
"""
def __init__(self, version, name, value,
port, port_specified,
domain, domain_specified, domain_initial_dot,
path, path_specified,
secure,
expires,
discard,
comment,
comment_url,
rest,
rfc2109=False,
):
if version is not None: version = int(version)
if expires is not None: expires = int(expires)
if port is None and port_specified is True:
raise ValueError("if port is None, port_specified must be false")
self.version = version
self.name = name
self.value = value
self.port = port
self.port_specified = port_specified
# normalise case, as per RFC 2965 section 3.3.3
self.domain = domain.lower()
self.domain_specified = domain_specified
# Sigh. We need to know whether the domain given in the
# cookie-attribute had an initial dot, in order to follow RFC 2965
# (as clarified in draft errata). Needed for the returned $Domain
# value.
self.domain_initial_dot = domain_initial_dot
self.path = path
self.path_specified = path_specified
self.secure = secure
self.expires = expires
self.discard = discard
self.comment = comment
self.comment_url = comment_url
self.rfc2109 = rfc2109
self._rest = copy.copy(rest)
def has_nonstandard_attr(self, name):
return self._rest.has_key(name)
def get_nonstandard_attr(self, name, default=None):
return self._rest.get(name, default)
def set_nonstandard_attr(self, name, value):
self._rest[name] = value
def nonstandard_attr_keys(self):
return self._rest.keys()
def is_expired(self, now=None):
if now is None: now = time.time()
return (self.expires is not None) and (self.expires <= now)
def __str__(self):
if self.port is None: p = ""
else: p = ":"+self.port
limit = self.domain + p + self.path
if self.value is not None:
namevalue = "%s=%s" % (self.name, self.value)
else:
namevalue = self.name
return "<Cookie %s for %s>" % (namevalue, limit)
def __repr__(self):
args = []
for name in ["version", "name", "value",
"port", "port_specified",
"domain", "domain_specified", "domain_initial_dot",
"path", "path_specified",
"secure", "expires", "discard", "comment", "comment_url",
]:
attr = getattr(self, name)
args.append("%s=%s" % (name, repr(attr)))
args.append("rest=%s" % repr(self._rest))
args.append("rfc2109=%s" % repr(self.rfc2109))
return "Cookie(%s)" % ", ".join(args)
class CookiePolicy:
"""Defines which cookies get accepted from and returned to server.
May also modify cookies.
The subclass DefaultCookiePolicy defines the standard rules for Netscape
and RFC 2965 cookies -- override that if you want a customised policy.
As well as implementing set_ok and return_ok, implementations of this
interface must also supply the following attributes, indicating which
protocols should be used, and how. These can be read and set at any time,
though whether that makes complete sense from the protocol point of view is
doubtful.
Public attributes:
netscape: implement netscape protocol
rfc2965: implement RFC 2965 protocol
rfc2109_as_netscape:
WARNING: This argument will change or go away if is not accepted into
the Python standard library in this form!
If true, treat RFC 2109 cookies as though they were Netscape cookies. The
default is for this attribute to be None, which means treat 2109 cookies
as RFC 2965 cookies unless RFC 2965 handling is switched off (which it is,
by default), and as Netscape cookies otherwise.
hide_cookie2: don't add Cookie2 header to requests (the presence of
this header indicates to the server that we understand RFC 2965
cookies)
"""
def set_ok(self, cookie, request):
"""Return true if (and only if) cookie should be accepted from server.
Currently, pre-expired cookies never get this far -- the CookieJar
class deletes such cookies itself.
cookie: mechanize.Cookie object
request: object implementing the interface defined by
CookieJar.extract_cookies.__doc__
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def return_ok(self, cookie, request):
"""Return true if (and only if) cookie should be returned to server.
cookie: mechanize.Cookie object
request: object implementing the interface defined by
CookieJar.add_cookie_header.__doc__
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def domain_return_ok(self, domain, request):
"""Return false if cookies should not be returned, given cookie domain.
This is here as an optimization, to remove the need for checking every
cookie with a particular domain (which may involve reading many files).
The default implementations of domain_return_ok and path_return_ok
(return True) leave all the work to return_ok.
If domain_return_ok returns true for the cookie domain, path_return_ok
is called for the cookie path. Otherwise, path_return_ok and return_ok
are never called for that cookie domain. If path_return_ok returns
true, return_ok is called with the Cookie object itself for a full
check. Otherwise, return_ok is never called for that cookie path.
Note that domain_return_ok is called for every *cookie* domain, not
just for the *request* domain. For example, the function might be
called with both ".acme.com" and "www.acme.com" if the request domain
is "www.acme.com". The same goes for path_return_ok.
For argument documentation, see the docstring for return_ok.
"""
return True
def path_return_ok(self, path, request):
"""Return false if cookies should not be returned, given cookie path.
See the docstring for domain_return_ok.
"""
return True
class DefaultCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy):
"""Implements the standard rules for accepting and returning cookies.
Both RFC 2965 and Netscape cookies are covered. RFC 2965 handling is
switched off by default.
The easiest way to provide your own policy is to override this class and
call its methods in your overriden implementations before adding your own
additional checks.
import mechanize
class MyCookiePolicy(mechanize.DefaultCookiePolicy):
def set_ok(self, cookie, request):
if not mechanize.DefaultCookiePolicy.set_ok(
self, cookie, request):
return False
if i_dont_want_to_store_this_cookie():
return False
return True
In addition to the features required to implement the CookiePolicy
interface, this class allows you to block and allow domains from setting
and receiving cookies. There are also some strictness switches that allow
you to tighten up the rather loose Netscape protocol rules a little bit (at
the cost of blocking some benign cookies).
A domain blacklist and whitelist is provided (both off by default). Only
domains not in the blacklist and present in the whitelist (if the whitelist
is active) participate in cookie setting and returning. Use the
blocked_domains constructor argument, and blocked_domains and
set_blocked_domains methods (and the corresponding argument and methods for
allowed_domains). If you set a whitelist, you can turn it off again by
setting it to None.
Domains in block or allow lists that do not start with a dot must
string-compare equal. For example, "acme.com" matches a blacklist entry of
"acme.com", but "www.acme.com" does not. Domains that do start with a dot
are matched by more specific domains too. For example, both "www.acme.com"
and "www.munitions.acme.com" match ".acme.com" (but "acme.com" itself does
not). IP addresses are an exception, and must match exactly. For example,
if blocked_domains contains "192.168.1.2" and ".168.1.2" 192.168.1.2 is
blocked, but 193.168.1.2 is not.
Additional Public Attributes:
General strictness switches
strict_domain: don't allow sites to set two-component domains with
country-code top-level domains like .co.uk, .gov.uk, .co.nz. etc.
This is far from perfect and isn't guaranteed to work!
RFC 2965 protocol strictness switches
strict_rfc2965_unverifiable: follow RFC 2965 rules on unverifiable
transactions (usually, an unverifiable transaction is one resulting from
a redirect or an image hosted on another site); if this is false, cookies
are NEVER blocked on the basis of verifiability
Netscape protocol strictness switches
strict_ns_unverifiable: apply RFC 2965 rules on unverifiable transactions
even to Netscape cookies
strict_ns_domain: flags indicating how strict to be with domain-matching
rules for Netscape cookies:
DomainStrictNoDots: when setting cookies, host prefix must not contain a
dot (eg. www.foo.bar.com can't set a cookie for .bar.com, because
www.foo contains a dot)
DomainStrictNonDomain: cookies that did not explicitly specify a Domain
cookie-attribute can only be returned to a domain that string-compares
equal to the domain that set the cookie (eg. rockets.acme.com won't
be returned cookies from acme.com that had no Domain cookie-attribute)
DomainRFC2965Match: when setting cookies, require a full RFC 2965
domain-match
DomainLiberal and DomainStrict are the most useful combinations of the
above flags, for convenience
strict_ns_set_initial_dollar: ignore cookies in Set-Cookie: headers that
have names starting with '$'
strict_ns_set_path: don't allow setting cookies whose path doesn't
path-match request URI
"""
DomainStrictNoDots = 1
DomainStrictNonDomain = 2
DomainRFC2965Match = 4
DomainLiberal = 0
DomainStrict = DomainStrictNoDots|DomainStrictNonDomain
def __init__(self,
blocked_domains=None, allowed_domains=None,
netscape=True, rfc2965=False,
# WARNING: this argument will change or go away if is not
# accepted into the Python standard library in this form!
# default, ie. treat 2109 as netscape iff not rfc2965
rfc2109_as_netscape=None,
hide_cookie2=False,
strict_domain=False,
strict_rfc2965_unverifiable=True,
strict_ns_unverifiable=False,
strict_ns_domain=DomainLiberal,
strict_ns_set_initial_dollar=False,
strict_ns_set_path=False,
):
"""
Constructor arguments should be used as keyword arguments only.
blocked_domains: sequence of domain names that we never accept cookies
from, nor return cookies to
allowed_domains: if not None, this is a sequence of the only domains
for which we accept and return cookies
For other arguments, see CookiePolicy.__doc__ and
DefaultCookiePolicy.__doc__..
"""
self.netscape = netscape
self.rfc2965 = rfc2965
self.rfc2109_as_netscape = rfc2109_as_netscape
self.hide_cookie2 = hide_cookie2
self.strict_domain = strict_domain
self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable = strict_rfc2965_unverifiable
self.strict_ns_unverifiable = strict_ns_unverifiable
self.strict_ns_domain = strict_ns_domain
self.strict_ns_set_initial_dollar = strict_ns_set_initial_dollar
self.strict_ns_set_path = strict_ns_set_path
if blocked_domains is not None:
self._blocked_domains = tuple(blocked_domains)
else:
self._blocked_domains = ()
if allowed_domains is not None:
allowed_domains = tuple(allowed_domains)
self._allowed_domains = allowed_domains
def blocked_domains(self):
"""Return the sequence of blocked domains (as a tuple)."""
return self._blocked_domains
def set_blocked_domains(self, blocked_domains):
"""Set the sequence of blocked domains."""
self._blocked_domains = tuple(blocked_domains)
def is_blocked(self, domain):
for blocked_domain in self._blocked_domains:
if user_domain_match(domain, blocked_domain):
return True
return False
def allowed_domains(self):
"""Return None, or the sequence of allowed domains (as a tuple)."""
return self._allowed_domains
def set_allowed_domains(self, allowed_domains):
"""Set the sequence of allowed domains, or None."""
if allowed_domains is not None:
allowed_domains = tuple(allowed_domains)
self._allowed_domains = allowed_domains
def is_not_allowed(self, domain):
if self._allowed_domains is None:
return False
for allowed_domain in self._allowed_domains:
if user_domain_match(domain, allowed_domain):
return False
return True
def set_ok(self, cookie, request):
"""
If you override set_ok, be sure to call this method. If it returns
false, so should your subclass (assuming your subclass wants to be more
strict about which cookies to accept).
"""
debug(" - checking cookie %s", cookie)
assert cookie.name is not None
for n in "version", "verifiability", "name", "path", "domain", "port":
fn_name = "set_ok_"+n
fn = getattr(self, fn_name)
if not fn(cookie, request):
return False
return True
def set_ok_version(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.version is None:
# Version is always set to 0 by parse_ns_headers if it's a Netscape
# cookie, so this must be an invalid RFC 2965 cookie.
debug(" Set-Cookie2 without version attribute (%s)", cookie)
return False
if cookie.version > 0 and not self.rfc2965:
debug(" RFC 2965 cookies are switched off")
return False
elif cookie.version == 0 and not self.netscape:
debug(" Netscape cookies are switched off")
return False
return True
def set_ok_verifiability(self, cookie, request):
if request_is_unverifiable(request) and is_third_party(request):
if cookie.version > 0 and self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable:
debug(" third-party RFC 2965 cookie during "
"unverifiable transaction")
return False
elif cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_unverifiable:
debug(" third-party Netscape cookie during "
"unverifiable transaction")
return False
return True
def set_ok_name(self, cookie, request):
# Try and stop servers setting V0 cookies designed to hack other
# servers that know both V0 and V1 protocols.
if (cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_set_initial_dollar and
cookie.name.startswith("$")):
debug(" illegal name (starts with '$'): '%s'", cookie.name)
return False
return True
def set_ok_path(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.path_specified:
req_path = request_path(request)
if ((cookie.version > 0 or
(cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_set_path)) and
not req_path.startswith(cookie.path)):
debug(" path attribute %s is not a prefix of request "
"path %s", cookie.path, req_path)
return False
return True
def set_ok_countrycode_domain(self, cookie, request):
"""Return False if explicit cookie domain is not acceptable.
Called by set_ok_domain, for convenience of overriding by
subclasses.
"""
if cookie.domain_specified and self.strict_domain:
domain = cookie.domain
# since domain was specified, we know that:
assert domain.startswith(".")
if domain.count(".") == 2:
# domain like .foo.bar
i = domain.rfind(".")
tld = domain[i+1:]
sld = domain[1:i]
if (sld.lower() in [
"co", "ac",
"com", "edu", "org", "net", "gov", "mil", "int",
"aero", "biz", "cat", "coop", "info", "jobs", "mobi",
"museum", "name", "pro", "travel",
] and
len(tld) == 2):
# domain like .co.uk
return False
return True
def set_ok_domain(self, cookie, request):
if self.is_blocked(cookie.domain):
debug(" domain %s is in user block-list", cookie.domain)
return False
if self.is_not_allowed(cookie.domain):
debug(" domain %s is not in user allow-list", cookie.domain)
return False
if not self.set_ok_countrycode_domain(cookie, request):
debug(" country-code second level domain %s", cookie.domain)
return False
if cookie.domain_specified:
req_host, erhn = eff_request_host_lc(request)
domain = cookie.domain
if domain.startswith("."):
undotted_domain = domain[1:]
else:
undotted_domain = domain
embedded_dots = (undotted_domain.find(".") >= 0)
if not embedded_dots and domain != ".local":
debug(" non-local domain %s contains no embedded dot",
domain)
return False
if cookie.version == 0:
if (not erhn.endswith(domain) and
(not erhn.startswith(".") and
not ("."+erhn).endswith(domain))):
debug(" effective request-host %s (even with added "
"initial dot) does not end end with %s",
erhn, domain)
return False
if (cookie.version > 0 or
(self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainRFC2965Match)):
if not domain_match(erhn, domain):
debug(" effective request-host %s does not domain-match "
"%s", erhn, domain)
return False
if (cookie.version > 0 or
(self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainStrictNoDots)):
host_prefix = req_host[:-len(domain)]
if (host_prefix.find(".") >= 0 and
not IPV4_RE.search(req_host)):
debug(" host prefix %s for domain %s contains a dot",
host_prefix, domain)
return False
return True
def set_ok_port(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.port_specified:
req_port = request_port(request)
if req_port is None:
req_port = "80"
else:
req_port = str(req_port)
for p in cookie.port.split(","):
try:
int(p)
except ValueError:
debug(" bad port %s (not numeric)", p)
return False
if p == req_port:
break
else:
debug(" request port (%s) not found in %s",
req_port, cookie.port)
return False
return True
def return_ok(self, cookie, request):
"""
If you override return_ok, be sure to call this method. If it returns
false, so should your subclass (assuming your subclass wants to be more
strict about which cookies to return).
"""
# Path has already been checked by path_return_ok, and domain blocking
# done by domain_return_ok.
debug(" - checking cookie %s", cookie)
for n in ("version", "verifiability", "secure", "expires", "port",
"domain"):
fn_name = "return_ok_"+n
fn = getattr(self, fn_name)
if not fn(cookie, request):
return False
return True
def return_ok_version(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.version > 0 and not self.rfc2965:
debug(" RFC 2965 cookies are switched off")
return False
elif cookie.version == 0 and not self.netscape:
debug(" Netscape cookies are switched off")
return False
return True
def return_ok_verifiability(self, cookie, request):
if request_is_unverifiable(request) and is_third_party(request):
if cookie.version > 0 and self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable:
debug(" third-party RFC 2965 cookie during unverifiable "
"transaction")
return False
elif cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_unverifiable:
debug(" third-party Netscape cookie during unverifiable "
"transaction")
return False
return True
def return_ok_secure(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.secure and request.get_type() != "https":
debug(" secure cookie with non-secure request")
return False
return True
def return_ok_expires(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.is_expired(self._now):
debug(" cookie expired")
return False
return True
def return_ok_port(self, cookie, request):
if cookie.port:
req_port = request_port(request)
if req_port is None:
req_port = "80"
for p in cookie.port.split(","):
if p == req_port:
break
else:
debug(" request port %s does not match cookie port %s",
req_port, cookie.port)
return False
return True
def return_ok_domain(self, cookie, request):
req_host, erhn = eff_request_host_lc(request)
domain = cookie.domain
# strict check of non-domain cookies: Mozilla does this, MSIE5 doesn't
if (cookie.version == 0 and
(self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainStrictNonDomain) and
not cookie.domain_specified and domain != erhn):
debug(" cookie with unspecified domain does not string-compare "
"equal to request domain")
return False
if cookie.version > 0 and not domain_match(erhn, domain):
debug(" effective request-host name %s does not domain-match "
"RFC 2965 cookie domain %s", erhn, domain)
return False
if cookie.version == 0 and not ("."+erhn).endswith(domain):
debug(" request-host %s does not match Netscape cookie domain "
"%s", req_host, domain)
return False
return True
def domain_return_ok(self, domain, request):
# Liberal check of domain. This is here as an optimization to avoid
# having to load lots of MSIE cookie files unless necessary.
# Munge req_host and erhn to always start with a dot, so as to err on
# the side of letting cookies through.
dotted_req_host, dotted_erhn = eff_request_host_lc(request)
if not dotted_req_host.startswith("."):
dotted_req_host = "."+dotted_req_host
if not dotted_erhn.startswith("."):
dotted_erhn = "."+dotted_erhn
if not (dotted_req_host.endswith(domain) or
dotted_erhn.endswith(domain)):
#debug(" request domain %s does not match cookie domain %s",
# req_host, domain)
return False
if self.is_blocked(domain):
debug(" domain %s is in user block-list", domain)
return False
if self.is_not_allowed(domain):
debug(" domain %s is not in user allow-list", domain)
return False
return True
def path_return_ok(self, path, request):
debug("- checking cookie path=%s", path)
req_path = request_path(request)
if not req_path.startswith(path):
debug(" %s does not path-match %s", req_path, path)
return False
return True
def vals_sorted_by_key(adict):
keys = adict.keys()
keys.sort()
return map(adict.get, keys)
class MappingIterator:
"""Iterates over nested mapping, depth-first, in sorted order by key."""
def __init__(self, mapping):
self._s = [(vals_sorted_by_key(mapping), 0, None)] # LIFO stack
def __iter__(self): return self
def next(self):
# this is hairy because of lack of generators
while 1:
try:
vals, i, prev_item = self._s.pop()
except IndexError:
raise StopIteration()
if i < len(vals):
item = vals[i]
i = i + 1
self._s.append((vals, i, prev_item))
try:
item.items
except AttributeError:
# non-mapping
break
else:
# mapping
self._s.append((vals_sorted_by_key(item), 0, item))
continue
return item
# Used as second parameter to dict.get method, to distinguish absent
# dict key from one with a None value.
class Absent: pass
class CookieJar:
"""Collection of HTTP cookies.
You may not need to know about this class: try mechanize.urlopen().
The major methods are extract_cookies and add_cookie_header; these are all
you are likely to need.
CookieJar supports the iterator protocol:
for cookie in cookiejar:
# do something with cookie
Methods:
add_cookie_header(request)
extract_cookies(response, request)
get_policy()
set_policy(policy)
cookies_for_request(request)
make_cookies(response, request)
set_cookie_if_ok(cookie, request)
set_cookie(cookie)
clear_session_cookies()
clear_expired_cookies()
clear(domain=None, path=None, name=None)
Public attributes
policy: CookiePolicy object
"""
non_word_re = re.compile(r"\W")
quote_re = re.compile(r"([\"\\])")
strict_domain_re = re.compile(r"\.?[^.]*")
domain_re = re.compile(r"[^.]*")
dots_re = re.compile(r"^\.+")
def __init__(self, policy=None):
"""
See CookieJar.__doc__ for argument documentation.
"""
if policy is None:
policy = DefaultCookiePolicy()
self._policy = policy
self._cookies = {}
# for __getitem__ iteration in pre-2.2 Pythons
self._prev_getitem_index = 0
def get_policy(self):
return self._policy
def set_policy(self, policy):
self._policy = policy
def _cookies_for_domain(self, domain, request):
cookies = []
if not self._policy.domain_return_ok(domain, request):
return []
debug("Checking %s for cookies to return", domain)
cookies_by_path = self._cookies[domain]
for path in cookies_by_path.keys():
if not self._policy.path_return_ok(path, request):
continue
cookies_by_name = cookies_by_path[path]
for cookie in cookies_by_name.values():
if not self._policy.return_ok(cookie, request):
debug(" not returning cookie")
continue
debug(" it's a match")
cookies.append(cookie)
return cookies
def cookies_for_request(self, request):
"""Return a list of cookies to be returned to server.
The returned list of cookie instances is sorted in the order they
should appear in the Cookie: header for return to the server.
See add_cookie_header.__doc__ for the interface required of the
request argument.
New in version 0.1.10
"""
self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
cookies = self._cookies_for_request(request)
# add cookies in order of most specific (i.e. longest) path first
def decreasing_size(a, b): return cmp(len(b.path), len(a.path))
cookies.sort(decreasing_size)
return cookies
def _cookies_for_request(self, request):
"""Return a list of cookies to be returned to server."""
# this method still exists (alongside cookies_for_request) because it
# is part of an implied protected interface for subclasses of cookiejar
# XXX document that implied interface, or provide another way of
# implementing cookiejars than subclassing
cookies = []
for domain in self._cookies.keys():
cookies.extend(self._cookies_for_domain(domain, request))
return cookies
def _cookie_attrs(self, cookies):
"""Return a list of cookie-attributes to be returned to server.
The $Version attribute is also added when appropriate (currently only
once per request).
>>> jar = CookieJar()
>>> ns_cookie = Cookie(0, "foo", '"bar"', None, False,
... "example.com", False, False,
... "/", False, False, None, True,
... None, None, {})
>>> jar._cookie_attrs([ns_cookie])
['foo="bar"']
>>> rfc2965_cookie = Cookie(1, "foo", "bar", None, False,
... ".example.com", True, False,
... "/", False, False, None, True,
... None, None, {})
>>> jar._cookie_attrs([rfc2965_cookie])
['$Version=1', 'foo=bar', '$Domain="example.com"']
"""
version_set = False
attrs = []
for cookie in cookies:
# set version of Cookie header
# XXX
# What should it be if multiple matching Set-Cookie headers have
# different versions themselves?
# Answer: there is no answer; was supposed to be settled by
# RFC 2965 errata, but that may never appear...
version = cookie.version
if not version_set:
version_set = True
if version > 0:
attrs.append("$Version=%s" % version)
# quote cookie value if necessary
# (not for Netscape protocol, which already has any quotes
# intact, due to the poorly-specified Netscape Cookie: syntax)
if ((cookie.value is not None) and
self.non_word_re.search(cookie.value) and version > 0):
value = self.quote_re.sub(r"\\\1", cookie.value)
else:
value = cookie.value
# add cookie-attributes to be returned in Cookie header
if cookie.value is None:
attrs.append(cookie.name)
else:
attrs.append("%s=%s" % (cookie.name, value))
if version > 0:
if cookie.path_specified:
attrs.append('$Path="%s"' % cookie.path)
if cookie.domain.startswith("."):
domain = cookie.domain
if (not cookie.domain_initial_dot and
domain.startswith(".")):
domain = domain[1:]
attrs.append('$Domain="%s"' % domain)
if cookie.port is not None:
p = "$Port"
if cookie.port_specified:
p = p + ('="%s"' % cookie.port)
attrs.append(p)
return attrs
def add_cookie_header(self, request):
"""Add correct Cookie: header to request (urllib2.Request object).
The Cookie2 header is also added unless policy.hide_cookie2 is true.
The request object (usually a urllib2.Request instance) must support
the methods get_full_url, get_host, is_unverifiable, get_type,
has_header, get_header, header_items and add_unredirected_header, as
documented by urllib2, and the port attribute (the port number).
Actually, RequestUpgradeProcessor will automatically upgrade your
Request object to one with has_header, get_header, header_items and
add_unredirected_header, if it lacks those methods, for compatibility
with pre-2.4 versions of urllib2.
"""
debug("add_cookie_header")
cookies = self.cookies_for_request(request)
attrs = self._cookie_attrs(cookies)
if attrs:
if not request.has_header("Cookie"):
request.add_unredirected_header("Cookie", "; ".join(attrs))
# if necessary, advertise that we know RFC 2965
if self._policy.rfc2965 and not self._policy.hide_cookie2:
for cookie in cookies:
if cookie.version != 1 and not request.has_header("Cookie2"):
request.add_unredirected_header("Cookie2", '$Version="1"')
break
self.clear_expired_cookies()
def _normalized_cookie_tuples(self, attrs_set):
"""Return list of tuples containing normalised cookie information.
attrs_set is the list of lists of key,value pairs extracted from
the Set-Cookie or Set-Cookie2 headers.
Tuples are name, value, standard, rest, where name and value are the
cookie name and value, standard is a dictionary containing the standard
cookie-attributes (discard, secure, version, expires or max-age,
domain, path and port) and rest is a dictionary containing the rest of
the cookie-attributes.
"""
cookie_tuples = []
boolean_attrs = "discard", "secure"
value_attrs = ("version",
"expires", "max-age",
"domain", "path", "port",
"comment", "commenturl")
for cookie_attrs in attrs_set:
name, value = cookie_attrs[0]
# Build dictionary of standard cookie-attributes (standard) and
# dictionary of other cookie-attributes (rest).
# Note: expiry time is normalised to seconds since epoch. V0
# cookies should have the Expires cookie-attribute, and V1 cookies
# should have Max-Age, but since V1 includes RFC 2109 cookies (and
# since V0 cookies may be a mish-mash of Netscape and RFC 2109), we
# accept either (but prefer Max-Age).
max_age_set = False
bad_cookie = False
standard = {}
rest = {}
for k, v in cookie_attrs[1:]:
lc = k.lower()
# don't lose case distinction for unknown fields
if lc in value_attrs or lc in boolean_attrs:
k = lc
if k in boolean_attrs and v is None:
# boolean cookie-attribute is present, but has no value
# (like "discard", rather than "port=80")
v = True
if standard.has_key(k):
# only first value is significant
continue
if k == "domain":
if v is None:
debug(" missing value for domain attribute")
bad_cookie = True
break
# RFC 2965 section 3.3.3
v = v.lower()
if k == "expires":
if max_age_set:
# Prefer max-age to expires (like Mozilla)
continue
if v is None:
debug(" missing or invalid value for expires "
"attribute: treating as session cookie")
continue
if k == "max-age":
max_age_set = True
if v is None:
debug(" missing value for max-age attribute")
bad_cookie = True
break
try:
v = int(v)
except ValueError:
debug(" missing or invalid (non-numeric) value for "
"max-age attribute")
bad_cookie = True
break
# convert RFC 2965 Max-Age to seconds since epoch
# XXX Strictly you're supposed to follow RFC 2616
# age-calculation rules. Remember that zero Max-Age is a
# is a request to discard (old and new) cookie, though.
k = "expires"
v = self._now + v
if (k in value_attrs) or (k in boolean_attrs):
if (v is None and
k not in ["port", "comment", "commenturl"]):
debug(" missing value for %s attribute" % k)
bad_cookie = True
break
standard[k] = v
else:
rest[k] = v
if bad_cookie:
continue
cookie_tuples.append((name, value, standard, rest))
return cookie_tuples
def _cookie_from_cookie_tuple(self, tup, request):
# standard is dict of standard cookie-attributes, rest is dict of the
# rest of them
name, value, standard, rest = tup
domain = standard.get("domain", Absent)
path = standard.get("path", Absent)
port = standard.get("port", Absent)
expires = standard.get("expires", Absent)
# set the easy defaults
version = standard.get("version", None)
if version is not None:
try:
version = int(version)
except ValueError:
return None # invalid version, ignore cookie
secure = standard.get("secure", False)
# (discard is also set if expires is Absent)
discard = standard.get("discard", False)
comment = standard.get("comment", None)
comment_url = standard.get("commenturl", None)
# set default path
if path is not Absent and path != "":
path_specified = True
path = escape_path(path)
else:
path_specified = False
path = request_path(request)
i = path.rfind("/")
if i != -1:
if version == 0:
# Netscape spec parts company from reality here
path = path[:i]
else:
path = path[:i+1]
if len(path) == 0: path = "/"
# set default domain
domain_specified = domain is not Absent
# but first we have to remember whether it starts with a dot
domain_initial_dot = False
if domain_specified:
domain_initial_dot = bool(domain.startswith("."))
if domain is Absent:
req_host, erhn = eff_request_host_lc(request)
domain = erhn
elif not domain.startswith("."):
domain = "."+domain
# set default port
port_specified = False
if port is not Absent:
if port is None:
# Port attr present, but has no value: default to request port.
# Cookie should then only be sent back on that port.
port = request_port(request)
else:
port_specified = True
port = re.sub(r"\s+", "", port)
else:
# No port attr present. Cookie can be sent back on any port.
port = None
# set default expires and discard
if expires is Absent:
expires = None
discard = True
return Cookie(version,
name, value,
port, port_specified,
domain, domain_specified, domain_initial_dot,
path, path_specified,
secure,
expires,
discard,
comment,
comment_url,
rest)
def _cookies_from_attrs_set(self, attrs_set, request):
cookie_tuples = self._normalized_cookie_tuples(attrs_set)
cookies = []
for tup in cookie_tuples:
cookie = self._cookie_from_cookie_tuple(tup, request)
if cookie: cookies.append(cookie)
return cookies
def _process_rfc2109_cookies(self, cookies):
if self._policy.rfc2109_as_netscape is None:
rfc2109_as_netscape = not self._policy.rfc2965
else:
rfc2109_as_netscape = self._policy.rfc2109_as_netscape
for cookie in cookies:
if cookie.version == 1:
cookie.rfc2109 = True
if rfc2109_as_netscape:
# treat 2109 cookies as Netscape cookies rather than
# as RFC2965 cookies
cookie.version = 0
def _make_cookies(self, response, request):
# get cookie-attributes for RFC 2965 and Netscape protocols
headers = response.info()
rfc2965_hdrs = headers.getheaders("Set-Cookie2")
ns_hdrs = headers.getheaders("Set-Cookie")
rfc2965 = self._policy.rfc2965
netscape = self._policy.netscape
if ((not rfc2965_hdrs and not ns_hdrs) or
(not ns_hdrs and not rfc2965) or
(not rfc2965_hdrs and not netscape) or
(not netscape and not rfc2965)):
return [] # no relevant cookie headers: quick exit
try:
cookies = self._cookies_from_attrs_set(
split_header_words(rfc2965_hdrs), request)
except:
reraise_unmasked_exceptions()
cookies = []
if ns_hdrs and netscape:
try:
# RFC 2109 and Netscape cookies
ns_cookies = self._cookies_from_attrs_set(
parse_ns_headers(ns_hdrs), request)
except:
reraise_unmasked_exceptions()
ns_cookies = []
self._process_rfc2109_cookies(ns_cookies)
# Look for Netscape cookies (from Set-Cookie headers) that match
# corresponding RFC 2965 cookies (from Set-Cookie2 headers).
# For each match, keep the RFC 2965 cookie and ignore the Netscape
# cookie (RFC 2965 section 9.1). Actually, RFC 2109 cookies are
# bundled in with the Netscape cookies for this purpose, which is
# reasonable behaviour.
if rfc2965:
lookup = {}
for cookie in cookies:
lookup[(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)] = None
def no_matching_rfc2965(ns_cookie, lookup=lookup):
key = ns_cookie.domain, ns_cookie.path, ns_cookie.name
return not lookup.has_key(key)
ns_cookies = filter(no_matching_rfc2965, ns_cookies)
if ns_cookies:
cookies.extend(ns_cookies)
return cookies
def make_cookies(self, response, request):
"""Return sequence of Cookie objects extracted from response object.
See extract_cookies.__doc__ for the interface required of the
response and request arguments.
"""
self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
return [cookie for cookie in self._make_cookies(response, request)
if cookie.expires is None or not cookie.expires <= self._now]
def set_cookie_if_ok(self, cookie, request):
"""Set a cookie if policy says it's OK to do so.
cookie: mechanize.Cookie instance
request: see extract_cookies.__doc__ for the required interface
"""
self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
if self._policy.set_ok(cookie, request):
self.set_cookie(cookie)
def set_cookie(self, cookie):
"""Set a cookie, without checking whether or not it should be set.
cookie: mechanize.Cookie instance
"""
c = self._cookies
if not c.has_key(cookie.domain): c[cookie.domain] = {}
c2 = c[cookie.domain]
if not c2.has_key(cookie.path): c2[cookie.path] = {}
c3 = c2[cookie.path]
c3[cookie.name] = cookie
def extract_cookies(self, response, request):
"""Extract cookies from response, where allowable given the request.
Look for allowable Set-Cookie: and Set-Cookie2: headers in the response
object passed as argument. Any of these headers that are found are
used to update the state of the object (subject to the policy.set_ok
method's approval).
The response object (usually be the result of a call to
mechanize.urlopen, or similar) should support an info method, which
returns a mimetools.Message object (in fact, the 'mimetools.Message
object' may be any object that provides a getheaders method).
The request object (usually a urllib2.Request instance) must support
the methods get_full_url, get_type, get_host, and is_unverifiable, as
documented by urllib2, and the port attribute (the port number). The
request is used to set default values for cookie-attributes as well as
for checking that the cookie is OK to be set.
"""
debug("extract_cookies: %s", response.info())
self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
for cookie in self._make_cookies(response, request):
if cookie.expires is not None and cookie.expires <= self._now:
# Expiry date in past is request to delete cookie. This can't be
# in DefaultCookiePolicy, because can't delete cookies there.
try:
self.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
except KeyError:
pass
debug("Expiring cookie, domain='%s', path='%s', name='%s'",
cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
elif self._policy.set_ok(cookie, request):
debug(" setting cookie: %s", cookie)
self.set_cookie(cookie)
def clear(self, domain=None, path=None, name=None):
"""Clear some cookies.
Invoking this method without arguments will clear all cookies. If
given a single argument, only cookies belonging to that domain will be
removed. If given two arguments, cookies belonging to the specified
path within that domain are removed. If given three arguments, then
the cookie with the specified name, path and domain is removed.
Raises KeyError if no matching cookie exists.
"""
if name is not None:
if (domain is None) or (path is None):
raise ValueError(
"domain and path must be given to remove a cookie by name")
del self._cookies[domain][path][name]
elif path is not None:
if domain is None:
raise ValueError(
"domain must be given to remove cookies by path")
del self._cookies[domain][path]
elif domain is not None:
del self._cookies[domain]
else:
self._cookies = {}
def clear_session_cookies(self):
"""Discard all session cookies.
Discards all cookies held by object which had either no Max-Age or
Expires cookie-attribute or an explicit Discard cookie-attribute, or
which otherwise have ended up with a true discard attribute. For
interactive browsers, the end of a session usually corresponds to
closing the browser window.
Note that the save method won't save session cookies anyway, unless you
ask otherwise by passing a true ignore_discard argument.
"""
for cookie in self:
if cookie.discard:
self.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
def clear_expired_cookies(self):
"""Discard all expired cookies.
You probably don't need to call this method: expired cookies are never
sent back to the server (provided you're using DefaultCookiePolicy),
this method is called by CookieJar itself every so often, and the save
method won't save expired cookies anyway (unless you ask otherwise by
passing a true ignore_expires argument).
"""
now = time.time()
for cookie in self:
if cookie.is_expired(now):
self.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
def __getitem__(self, i):
if i == 0:
self._getitem_iterator = self.__iter__()
elif self._prev_getitem_index != i-1: raise IndexError(
"CookieJar.__getitem__ only supports sequential iteration")
self._prev_getitem_index = i
try:
return self._getitem_iterator.next()
except StopIteration:
raise IndexError()
def __iter__(self):
return MappingIterator(self._cookies)
def __len__(self):
"""Return number of contained cookies."""
i = 0
for cookie in self: i = i + 1
return i
def __repr__(self):
r = []
for cookie in self: r.append(repr(cookie))
return "<%s[%s]>" % (self.__class__, ", ".join(r))
def __str__(self):
r = []
for cookie in self: r.append(str(cookie))
return "<%s[%s]>" % (self.__class__, ", ".join(r))
class LoadError(Exception): pass
class FileCookieJar(CookieJar):
"""CookieJar that can be loaded from and saved to a file.
Additional methods
save(filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False)
load(filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False)
revert(filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False)
Additional public attributes
filename: filename for loading and saving cookies
Additional public readable attributes
delayload: request that cookies are lazily loaded from disk; this is only
a hint since this only affects performance, not behaviour (unless the
cookies on disk are changing); a CookieJar object may ignore it (in fact,
only MSIECookieJar lazily loads cookies at the moment)
"""
def __init__(self, filename=None, delayload=False, policy=None):
"""
See FileCookieJar.__doc__ for argument documentation.
Cookies are NOT loaded from the named file until either the load or
revert method is called.
"""
CookieJar.__init__(self, policy)
if filename is not None and not isstringlike(filename):
raise ValueError("filename must be string-like")
self.filename = filename
self.delayload = bool(delayload)
def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
"""Save cookies to a file.
filename: name of file in which to save cookies
ignore_discard: save even cookies set to be discarded
ignore_expires: save even cookies that have expired
The file is overwritten if it already exists, thus wiping all its
cookies. Saved cookies can be restored later using the load or revert
methods. If filename is not specified, self.filename is used; if
self.filename is None, ValueError is raised.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
"""Load cookies from a file.
Old cookies are kept unless overwritten by newly loaded ones.
Arguments are as for .save().
If filename is not specified, self.filename is used; if self.filename
is None, ValueError is raised. The named file must be in the format
understood by the class, or LoadError will be raised. This format will
be identical to that written by the save method, unless the load format
is not sufficiently well understood (as is the case for MSIECookieJar).
"""
if filename is None:
if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
f = open(filename)
try:
self._really_load(f, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
finally:
f.close()
def revert(self, filename=None,
ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
"""Clear all cookies and reload cookies from a saved file.
Raises LoadError (or IOError) if reversion is not successful; the
object's state will not be altered if this happens.
"""
if filename is None:
if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
old_state = copy.deepcopy(self._cookies)
self._cookies = {}
try:
self.load(filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
except (LoadError, IOError):
self._cookies = old_state
raise
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