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CUPS PPD Extensions

Introduction

This specification describes the attributes and extensions that CUPS adds to Adobe TechNote #5003: PostScript Printer Description File Format Specification Version 4.3. PostScript Printer Description ("PPD") files describe the capabilities of each printer and are used by CUPS to support printer-specific features and intelligent filtering.

PPD File Syntax

The PPD format is text-based and uses lines of up to 255 characters terminated by a carriage return, linefeed, or combination of carriage return and line feed. The following ABNF definition [RFC4234] defines the general format of lines in a PPD file:

PPD-FILE = HEADER +(DATA / COMMENT / LINE-END)

HEADER   = "*PPD-Adobe:" *WSP DQUOTE VERSION DQUOTE LINE-END

VERSION  = "4.0" / "4.1" / "4.2" / "4.3"

COMMENT  = "*%" *TCHAR LINE-END

DATA     = "*" 1*KCHAR [ WSP 1*KCHAR [ "/" 1*TCHAR ] ] ":"
           1*(*WSP VALUE) LINE-END

VALUE    = 1*TCHAR / DQUOTE 1*SCHAR DQUOTE

KCHAR    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "_" / "." / "-"

SCHAR    = LINE-END / WSP / %x21.23-7E.A0-FF

TCHAR    = %x20-7E.A0-FF

LINE-END = CR / LF / CR LF

Auto-Configuration

CUPS supports several methods of auto-configuration via PPD attributes. Currently these methods are only implemented on Mac OS X.

Mac OS X 10.5APAutoSetupTool

*APAutoSetupTool: "/LibraryPrinters/vendor/filename"

This attribute defines a program that sets the default option choices. It is run when a printer is added from the printer browser instead of the normal PostScript query and SNMP OID attribute lookups.

The program is provided with two arguments: the printer's device URI and the PPD file to be used for the printer. The program must write an updated PPD file to stdout.

Examples:

*% Use our setup tool when adding a printer
*APAutoSetupTool: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Tools/autosetuptool"

Mac OS X 10.2?MainKeyword

*?MainKeyword: "
PostScript query code that writes a message using the = operator...
"
*End

The ?MainKeyword attribute defines PostScript code that determines the currently selected/enabled option keyword (choice) for the main keyword (option). It is typically used when communicating with USB, serial, Appletalk, and AppSocket (port 9100) printers.

The PostScript code typically sends its response back using the = operator.

Example:

*OpenUI OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed: Boolean
*DuplexOptionDuplex: False
*OptionDuplex False/Not Installed: ""
*OptionDuplex True/Installed: ""

*% Query the printer for the presence of the duplexer option...
*?OptionDuplex: "
  currentpagedevice /Duplex known
  {(True)} {(False)} ifelse
  = flush
"
*End
*CloseUI: OptionDuplex

Mac OS X 10.4OIDMainKeyword

*?OIDMainKeyword: ".n.n.n..."
*OIDMainKeyword OptionKeyword1: "value"
...
*OIDMainKeyword OptionKeywordN: "value"

The OIDMainKeyword attribute is used to define SNMP OIDs that map to installable options. The first (query) line defines the OID to lookup on the network device. The second and subsequent attributes define a mapping from OID value to option keyword. Since SNMP is an IP-based network protocol, this method is typically only used to configure AppSocket, IPP, and LPD network printers.

Examples:

*% Get the installed memory on the printer...
*?OIDInstalledMemory: ".1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.2.0"
*OIDInstalledMemory 16MB: "16384 KBytes"
*OIDInstalledMemory 32MB: "32768 KBytes"
*OIDInstalledMemory 48MB: "49152 KBytes"
*OIDInstalledMemory 72MB: "73728 KBytes"

Color Profiles

CUPS supports three types of color profiles. The first type is based on sRGB and is used by the standard CUPS raster filters and GPL Ghostscript. The second type is based on ICC profiles and is used by the Quartz-based filters on MacOS X. The final type is based on well-known colorspaces such as sRGB and Adobe RGB.

Note:

At this time, none of the CUPS raster filters support ICC profiles. This will be addressed as time and resources permit.

DeprecatedcupsColorProfile

*cupsColorProfile Resolution/MediaType: "density gamma m00 m01 m02 m10 m11 m12 m20 m21 m22"

This string attribute specifies an sRGB-based color profile consisting of gamma and density controls and a 3x3 CMY color transform matrix. This attribute is not supported on Mac OS X.

The Resolution and MediaType values may be "-" to act as a wildcard. Otherwise they must match one of the Resolution or MediaType attributes defined in the PPD file.

The density and gamma values define gamma and density adjustment function such that:

f(x) = density * x gamma

The m00 through m22 values define a 3x3 transformation matrix for the CMY color values. The density function is applied after the CMY transformation:

| m00 m01 m02 |
| m10 m11 m12 |
| m20 m21 m22 |

Examples:

*% Specify a profile for printing at 360dpi on all media types 
*cupsColorProfile 360dpi/-: "1.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 1.0"

*% Specify a profile for printing at 720dpi on Glossy media 
*cupsColorProfile 720dpi/Glossy: "1.0 2.5 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 1.0"

*% Specify a default profile for printing at all other resolutions and media types 
*cupsColorProfile -/-: "0.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 1.0"

Mac OS X 10.3/CUPS 1.2/Mac OS X 10.5cupsICCProfile

*cupsICCProfile ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description: "filename"

This attribute specifies an ICC color profile that is used to convert the document colors to the device colorspace. The ColorModel, MediaType, and Resolution keywords specify a selector for color profiles. If omitted, the color profile will match any option keyword for the corresponding main keyword.

The Description specifies human-readable text that is associated with the color profile. The filename portion specifies the ICC color profile to use; if the filename is not absolute, it is loaded relative to the /usr/share/cups/profiles directory.

Examples:

*% Specify a profile for CMYK printing at 360dpi on all media types 
*cupsICCProfile CMYK..360dpi/360dpi CMYK: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Profiles/foo-360-cmyk.icc"

*% Specify a profile for RGB printing at 720dpi on Glossy media 
*cupsColorProfile RGB.Glossy.720dpi/720dpi Glossy: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Profiles/foo-720-glossy-rgb.icc"

*% Specify a default profile for printing at all other resolutions and media types 
*cupsICCProfile ../Default: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Profiles/foo-default.icc"

Customizing the Profile Selection Keywords

The MediaType and Resolution keywords can be reassigned to different main keywords, allowing drivers to do color profile selection based on different parameters. The cupsICCQualifier2 and cupsICCQualifier3 attributes define the mapping from selector to main keyword:

*cupsICCQualifier2: MainKeyword2
*cupsICCQualifier3: MainKeyword3

The default mapping is as follows:

*cupsICCQualifier2: MediaType
*cupsICCQualifier3: Resolution

Mac OS X 10.4Custom Color Matching Support

*APSupportsCustomColorMatching: true
*APCustomColorMatchingName name/text: ""
*APCustomColorMatchingProfile: profile
*APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile: profile

These attributes tell the Mac OS X raster filters that the printer driver provides its own custom color matching and that generic color profiles should be used when generating 1-, 3-, and 4-component raster data as requested by the driver. The APCustomColorMatchingProfile and APDefaultColorMatchingProfile attributes specify alternate color profiles (sRGB or AdobeRGB) to use for 3-color (RGB) raster data.

Note:

Prior to Mac OS X 10.6, the default RGB color space was Apple's "GenericRGB". The new default in Mac OS X 10.6 and later is "sRGB". For more information, see "Mac OS X v10.6: About gamma 2.2" on Apple's support site.

Mac OS X 10.5APCustomColorMatchingName

*APCustomColorMatchingName name/text: ""

This attribute defines an alternate name for the color matching provided by a driver in the Color Matching print panel. The default is to use the name "Vendor Matching" or its localized equivalent.

Examples:

*% Define the names for our color matching...
*APCustomColorMatchingName name/AcmeColor(tm): ""
*fr.APCustomColorMatchingName name/La AcmeColor(tm): ""

Mac OS X 10.5APCustomColorMatchingProfile

*APCustomColorMatchingProfile: name

This attribute defines a supported RGB color profile that can be used when doing custom color matching. Currently only sRGB, AdobeRGB, and GenericRGB are supported. If not specified, RGB data will use the GenericRGB colorspace.

Note:

If you provide multiple APCustomColorMatchingProfile attributes, you are responsible for providing the necessary user interface controls to select the profile in a print dialog pane. Add the named profile to the print settings using the key kPMCustomColorMatchingProfileKey.

Examples:

*% Use sRGB for RGB color by default, but support both sRGB and AdobeRGB
*APSupportsCustomColorMatching: true
*APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile: sRGB
*APCustomColorMatchingProfile: sRGB
*APCustomColorMatchingProfile: AdobeRGB

Mac OS X 10.5APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile

*APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile: name

This attribute defines the default RGB color profile that will be used when doing custom color matching. Currently only sRGB, AdobeRGB, and GenericRGB are supported.

Examples:

*% Use sRGB for RGB color by default
*APSupportsCustomColorMatching: true
*APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile: sRGB

Mac OS X 10.4APSupportsCustomColorMatching

*APSupportsCustomColorMatching: boolean

This attribute specifies that the driver provides its own custom color matching. When true, the default hand-off colorspace will be GenericGray, GenericRGB, or GenericCMYK depending on the number of components the driver requests. The APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile attribute can be used to override the default 3-component (RGB) colorspace.

The default for APSupportsCustomColorMatching is false.

Examples:

*APSupportsCustomColorMatching: true
*APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile: sRGB

Constraints

Constraints are option choices that are not allowed by the driver or device, for example printing 2-sided transparencies. All versions of CUPS support constraints defined by the legacy Adobe UIConstraints and NonUIConstraints attributes which support conflicts between any two option choices, for example:

*% Do not allow 2-sided printing on transparency media
*UIConstraints: "*Duplex *MediaType Transparency"
*UIConstraints: "*MediaType Transparency *Duplex"

While nearly all constraints can be expressed using these attributes, there are valid scenarios requiring constraints between more than two option choices. In addition, resolution of constraints is problematic since users and software have to guess how a particular constraint is best resolved.

CUPS 1.4 and higher define two new attributes for constraints, cupsUIConstraints and cupsUIResolver. Each cupsUIConstraints attribute points to a cupsUIResolver attribute which specifies alternate options that resolve the conflict condition. The same cupsUIResolver can be used by multiple cupsUIConstraints.

Note:

When developing PPD files that contain constraints, it is very important to use the cupstestppd(1) program to verify that your constraints are accurate and cannot result in unresolvable option selections.

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsUIConstraints

*cupsUIConstraints resolver: "*Keyword1 *Keyword2 ..."
*cupsUIConstraints resolver: "*Keyword1 OptionKeyword1 *Keyword2 ..."
*cupsUIConstraints resolver: "*Keyword1 *Keyword2 OptionKeyword2 ..."
*cupsUIConstraints resolver: "*Keyword1 OptionKeyword1 *Keyword2 OptionKeyword2 ..."
*cupsUIConstraints: "*InstallableKeyword1 OptionKeyword1 *Keyword2 OptionKeyword2 ..."

Lists two or more options which conflict. The "resolver" string is a (possibly unique) keyword which specifies which options to change when the constraint exists. When no resolver is provided, CUPS first tries the default choice followed by testing each option choice to resolve the conflict.

Examples:

*% Specify that 2-sided printing cannot happen on transparencies 
*cupsUIConstraints transparency: "*Duplex *MediaType Transparency"

*% Specify that envelope printing cannot happen from the paper trays 
*cupsUIConstraints envelope: "*PageSize Env10 *InputSlot Tray1"
*cupsUIConstraints envelope: "*PageSize Env10 *InputSlot Tray1"
*cupsUIConstraints envelope: "*PageSize EnvDL *InputSlot Tray2"
*cupsUIConstraints envelope: "*PageSize EnvDL *InputSlot Tray2"

*% Specify an installable option constraint for the envelope feeder
*cupsUIConstraints: "*InputSlot EnvFeeder *InstalledEnvFeeder"

*% Specify that photo printing cannot happen on plain paper or transparencies at 1200dpi 
*cupsUIConstraints photo: "*OutputMode Photo *MediaType Plain *Resolution 1200dpi"
*cupsUIConstraints photo: "*OutputMode Photo *MediaType Transparency *Resolution 1200dpi"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsUIResolver

*cupsUIResolution resolver: "*Keyword1 OptionKeyword1 *Keyword2 OptionKeyword2 ..."

Specifies two or more options to mark/select to resolve a constraint. The "resolver" string identifies a particular action to take for one or more cupsUIConstraints. The same action can be used for multiple constraints. The option keyword pairs are treated as an ordered list of option selections to try - only the first N selections will be used, where N is the minimum number of selections required. Because cupsResolveConflicts() will not change the most recent option selection passed to it, at least two options from the constraints must be listed to avoid situations where conflicts cannot be resolved.

Examples:

*% Specify the options to change for the 2-sided transparency constraint 
*cupsUIResolver transparency: "*Duplex None *MediaType Plain"

*% Specify the options to change for the envelope printing constraints.  Notice
*% that we try to change the InputSlot to either the envelope feeder or the
*% manual feed first, then we change the page size...
*cupsUIResolver envelope: "*InputSlot EnvFeeder *InputSlot ManualFeed *PageSize Letter"

*% Specify the options to change for the photo printing constraints 
*cupsUIResolver photo: "*OutputMode Best *Resolution 600dpi"

Globalized PPD Support

CUPS 1.2 and higher adds support for PPD files containing multiple languages by following the following additional rules:

1. The LanguageVersion MUST be English
2. The LanguageEncoding MUST be ISOLatin1
3. The cupsLanguages attribute MUST be provided and list each of the supported locales in the PPD file
4. Main and option keywords MUST NOT exceed 34 (instead of 40) characters to allow room for the locale prefixes in translation attributes
5. The main keyword "Translation" MUST NOT be used
6. Translation strings included with the main and option keywords MUST NOT contain characters outside the ASCII subset of ISOLatin1 and UTF-8; developers wishing to use characters outside ASCII MUST provide a separate set of English localization attributes for the affected keywords.
7. Localizations are specified using a locale prefix of the form "ll" or "ll_CC." where "ll" is the 2-letter ISO language code and "CC" is the 2-letter ISO country code
   • A generic language translation ("ll") SHOULD be provided with country-specific differences ("ll_CC") provided only as needed
   • For historical reasons, the "zh" and "zh_CN" locales map to Simplified Chinese while the "zh_TW" locale maps to Traditional Chinese
8. Locale-specific translation strings MUST be encoded using UTF-8.
9. Main keywords MUST be localized using one of the following forms:

   *ll.Translation MainKeyword/translation text: ""
   *ll_CC.Translation MainKeyword/translation text: ""

10. Option keywords MUST be localized using one of the following forms:

    *ll.MainKeyword OptionKeyword/translation text: ""
    *ll_CC.MainKeyword OptionKeyword/translation text: ""

11. Localization attributes MAY appear anywhere after the first line of the PPD file

Note:

We use a LanguageEncoding value of ISOLatin1 and limit the allowed base translation strings to ASCII to avoid character coding issues that would otherwise occur. In addition, requiring the base translation strings to be in English allows for easier fallback translation when no localization is provided in the PPD file for a given locale.

Examples:

*LanguageVersion: English
*LanguageEncoding: ISOLatin1
*cupsLanguages: "de fr_CA"
*ModelName: "Foobar Laser 9999"

*% Localize ModelName for French and German
*fr_CA.Translation ModelName/La Foobar Laser 9999: ""
*de.Translation ModelName/Foobar LaserDrucken 9999: ""

*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: "/help/com.vendor/error.html"
*% Localize printer-state-reason for French and German
*fr_CA.cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/Une erreur sèrieuse s'est produite: "/help/com.vendor/error.html"
*de.cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/Eine ernste Störung trat: "/help/com.vendor/error.html"

...

*OpenUI *InputSlot/Paper Source: PickOne
*OrderDependency: 10 AnySetup *InputSlot
*DefaultInputSlot: Auto
*% Localize InputSlot for French and German
*fr_CA.Translation InputSlot/Papier source: ""
*de.Translation InputSlot/Papiereinzug: ""
*InputSlot Auto/Default: "<</ManualFeed false>>setpagedevice"
*% Localize InputSlot=Auto for French and German
*fr_CA.InputSlot Auto/Par Defaut: ""
*de.InputSlot Auto/Standard: ""
*InputSlot Manual/Manual Feed: "<</ManualFeed true>>setpagedevice"
*% Localize InputSlot=Manual for French and German
*fr_CA.InputSlot Manual/Manuel mecanisme de alimentation: ""
*de.InputSlot Manual/Manueller Einzug: ""
*CloseUI: *InputSlot

Custom Options

CUPS supports custom options using an extension of the CustomPageSize and ParamCustomPageSize syntax:

*CustomFoo True: "command"
*ParamCustomFoo Name1/Text 1: order type minimum maximum
*ParamCustomFoo Name2/Text 2: order type minimum maximum
...
*ParamCustomFoo NameN/Text N: order type minimum maximum

When the base option is part of the JCLSetup section, the "command" string contains JCL commands with "\order" placeholders for each numbered parameter. The CUPS API handles any necessary value quoting for HP-PJL commands. For example, if the JCL command string is "@PJL SET PASSCODE=\1" and the first option value is "1234" then CUPS will output the string "@PJL SET PASSCODE=1234".

For non-JCLSetup options, the "order" value is a number from 1 to N and specifies the order of values as they are placed on the stack before the command. For example, if the PostScript command string is "<</cupsReal1 2 1 roll>>setpagedevice" and the option value is "2.0" then CUPS will output the string "2.0 <</cupsReal1 2 1 roll>>setpagedevice".

The "type" is one of the following keywords:

• curve - a real value from "minimum" to "maximum" representing a gamma correction curve using the function: f(x) = x ^value
• int - an integer value from "minimum" to "maximum"
• invcurve - a real value from "minimum" to "maximum" representing a gamma correction curve using the function: f(x) = x ^{1 / value}
• passcode - a string of numbers value with a minimum of "minimum" numbers and a maximum of "maximum" numbers ("minimum" and "maximum" are numbers and passcode strings are not displayed in the user interface)
• password - a string value with a minimum of "minimum" characters and a maximum of "maximum" characters ("minimum" and "maximum" are numbers and password strings are not displayed in the user interface)
• points - a measurement value in points from "minimum" to "maximum"
• real - a real value from "minimum" to "maximum"
• string - a string value with a minimum of "minimum" characters and a maximum of "maximum" characters ("minimum" and "maximum" are numbers)

Note:

Custom options are not directly supported by the Mac OS X Print Dialog nor by the CUPS web interface at this time. Vendors that use custom options on Mac OS X must provide their own user interface via the APDialogExtension attribute.

Examples:

*% Base JCL key code option 
*JCLOpenUI JCLPasscode/Key Code: PickOne
*OrderDependency: 10 JCLSetup *JCLPasscode
*DefaultJCLPasscode: None
*JCLPasscode None/No Code: ""
*JCLPasscode 1111: "@PJL SET PASSCODE = 1111<0A>"
*JCLPasscode 2222: "@PJL SET PASSCODE = 2222<0A>"
*JCLPasscode 3333: "@PJL SET PASSCODE = 3333<0A>"
*JCLCloseUI: *JCLPasscode

*% Custom JCL key code option 
*CustomJCLPasscode True: "@PJL SET PASSCODE = \1<0A>"
*ParamCustomJCLPasscode Code/Key Code: 1 passcode 4 4


*% Base PostScript watermark option
*OpenUI WatermarkText/Watermark Text: PickOne
*OrderDependency: 10 AnySetup *WatermarkText
*DefaultWatermarkText: None
*WatermarkText None: ""
*WatermarkText Draft: "<</cupsString1(Draft)>>setpagedevice"
*CloseUI: *WatermarkText

*% Custom PostScript watermark option
*CustomWatermarkText True: "<</cupsString1 3 -1 roll>>setpagedevice"
*ParamCustomWatermarkText Text: 1 string 0 32


*% Base PostScript gamma/density option 
*OpenUI GammaDensity/Gamma and Density: PickOne
*OrderDependency: 10 AnySetup *GammaDensity
*DefaultGammaDensity: Normal
*GammaDensity Normal/Normal: "<</cupsReal1 1.0/cupsReal2 1.0>>setpagedevice"
*GammaDensity Light/Lighter: "<</cupsReal1 0.9/cupsReal2 0.67>>setpagedevice"
*GammaDensity Dark/Darker: "<</cupsReal1 1.1/cupsReal2 1.5>>setpagedevice"
*CloseUI: *GammaDensity

*% Custom PostScript gamma/density option 
*CustomGammaDensity True: "<</cupsReal1 3 -1 roll/cupsReal2 5 -1>>setpagedevice"
*ParamCustomGammaDensity Gamma: 1 curve 0.1 10
*ParamCustomGammaDensity Density: 2 real 0 2

Writing PostScript Option Commands for Raster Drivers

PPD files are used for both PostScript and non-PostScript printers. For CUPS raster drivers, you use a subset of the PostScript language to set page device attributes such as page size, resolution, and so forth. For example, the following code sets the page size to A4 size:

*PageSize A4: "<</PageSize[595 842]>>setpagedevice"

Custom options typically use other operators to organize the values into a key/value dictionary for setpagedevice. For example, our previous CustomWatermarkText option code uses the roll operator to move the custom string value into the dictionary for setpagedevice:

*CustomWatermarkText True: "<</cupsString1 3 -1 roll>>setpagedevice"

For a custom string value of "My Watermark", CUPS will produce the following PostScript code for the option:

(My Watermark)
<</cupsString1 3 -1 roll>>setpagedevice

The code moves the string value ("My Watermark") from the bottom of the stack to the top, creating a dictionary that looks like:

<</cupsString1(My Watermark)>>setpagedevice

The resulting dictionary sets the page device attributes that are sent to your raster driver in the page header.

Custom Page Size Code

There are many possible implementations of the CustomPageSize code. For CUPS raster drivers, the following code is recommended:

*ParamCustomPageSize Width:        1 points min-width max-width
*ParamCustomPageSize Height:       2 points min-height max-height
*ParamCustomPageSize WidthOffset:  3 points 0 0
*ParamCustomPageSize HeightOffset: 4 points 0 0
*ParamCustomPageSize Orientation:  5 int 0 0
*CustomPageSize True: "pop pop pop <</PageSize[5 -2 roll]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"

Supported PostScript Operators

CUPS supports the following PostScript operators in addition to the usual PostScript number, string (literal and hex-encoded), boolean, null, and name values:

• << - Start a dictionary.
• >> - End a dictionary.
• [ - Start an array.
• ] - End an array.
• copy - Copy the top N objects on the stack.
• dup - Copy the top object on the stack.
• index - Copy the Nth from the top object on the stack.
• pop - Pop the top object on the stack.
• roll - Shift the top N objects on the stack.
• setpagedevice - Set the page header values according to the key/value dictionary on the stack.

Note:

Never use the unsupported dict or put operators in your option code. These operators are typically used in option code dating back to Level 1 PostScript printers, which did not support the simpler << or >> operators. If you have old option code using dict or put, you can rewrite it very easily to use the newer << and >> operators instead. For example, the following code to set the page size:

1 dict dup /PageSize [612 792] put setpagedevice

can be rewritten as:

<< /PageSize [612 792] >> setpagedevice

Supported Page Device Attributes

Table 2 shows the supported page device attributes along with PostScript code examples.

Media Attributes

The CUPS media attributes allow drivers to specify alternate custom page size limits based on up to two options.

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMediaQualifier2

*cupsMediaQualifier2: MainKeyword

This attribute specifies the second option to use for overriding the custom page size limits.

Example:

*% Specify alternate custom page size limits based on InputSlot and Quality
*cupsMediaQualifier2: InputSlot
*cupsMediaQualifier3: Quality
*cupsMaxSize .Manual.: "1000 1000"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.: "100 100"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.Photo: "200 200"
*cupsMinSize ..Photo: "300 300"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMediaQualifier3

*cupsMediaQualifier3: MainKeyword

This attribute specifies the third option to use for overriding the custom page size limits.

Example:

*% Specify alternate custom page size limits based on InputSlot and Quality
*cupsMediaQualifier2: InputSlot
*cupsMediaQualifier3: Quality
*cupsMaxSize .Manual.: "1000 1000"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.: "100 100"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.Photo: "200 200"
*cupsMinSize ..Photo: "300 300"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMinSize

*cupsMinSize .Qualifier2.Qualifier3: "width length"
*cupsMinSize .Qualifier2.: "width length"
*cupsMinSize ..Qualifier3: "width length"

This attribute specifies alternate minimum custom page sizes in points. The cupsMediaQualifier2 and cupsMediaQualifier3 attributes are used to identify options to use for matching.

Example:

*% Specify alternate custom page size limits based on InputSlot and Quality
*cupsMediaQualifier2: InputSlot
*cupsMediaQualifier3: Quality
*cupsMaxSize .Manual.: "1000 1000"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.: "100 100"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.Photo: "200 200"
*cupsMinSize ..Photo: "300 300"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMaxSize

*cupsMaxSize .Qualifier2.Qualifier3: "width length"
*cupsMaxSize .Qualifier2.: "width length"
*cupsMaxSize ..Qualifier3: "width length"

This attribute specifies alternate maximum custom page sizes in points. The cupsMediaQualifier2 and cupsMediaQualifier3 attributes are used to identify options to use for matching.

Example:

*% Specify alternate custom page size limits based on InputSlot and Quality
*cupsMediaQualifier2: InputSlot
*cupsMediaQualifier3: Quality
*cupsMaxSize .Manual.: "1000 1000"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.: "100 100"
*cupsMinSize .Manual.Photo: "200 200"
*cupsMinSize ..Photo: "300 300"

General Attributes

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsBackSide

*cupsBackSide: keyword

This attribute requests special handling of the back side of pages when doing duplexed (2-sided) output. Table 1 shows the supported keyword values for this attribute and their effect on the raster data sent to your driver. For example, when cupsBackSide is Rotated and Tumble is false, your driver will receive print data starting at the bottom right corner of the page, with each line going right-to-left instead of left-to-right. The default value is Normal.

Note:

cupsBackSide replaces the older cupsFlipDuplex attribute - if cupsBackSide is specified, cupsFlipDuplex will be ignored.

* - Not supported in Mac OS X 10.5.x and earlier

Figure 1: Back side images

Examples:

*% Flip the page image for the back side of duplexed output 
*cupsBackSide: Flipped

*% Rotate the page image for the back side of duplexed output 
*cupsBackSide: Rotated

Also see the related APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin attribute.

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsCommands

*cupsCommands: "name name2 ... nameN"

This string attribute specifies the commands that are supported by the CUPS command file filter for this device. The command names are separated by whitespace.

Example:

*% Specify the list of commands we support 
*cupsCommands: "AutoConfigure Clean PrintSelfTestPage ReportLevels com.vendor.foo"

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsEvenDuplex

*cupsEvenDuplex: boolean

This boolean attribute notifies the RIP filters that the destination printer requires an even number of pages when 2-sided printing is selected. The default value is false.

Example:

*% Always send an even number of pages when duplexing 
*cupsEvenDuplex: true

cupsFax

*cupsFax: boolean

This boolean attribute specifies whether the PPD defines a facsimile device. The default is false.

Examples:

*cupsFax: true

cupsFilter

*cupsFilter: "source/type cost program"

This string attribute provides a conversion rule from the given source type to the printer's native format using the filter "program". If a printer supports the source type directly, the special filter program "-" may be specified.

Examples:

*% Standard raster printer driver filter 
*cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-raster 100 rastertofoo"

*% Plain text filter 
*cupsFilter: "text/plain 10 texttofoo"

*% Pass-through filter for PostScript printers 
*cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 -"

DeprecatedcupsFlipDuplex

*cupsFlipDuplex: boolean

Due to implementation differences between Mac OS X and Ghostscript, the cupsFlipDuplex attribute is deprecated. Instead, use the cupsBackSide attribute to specify the coordinate system (pixel layout) of the page data on the back side of duplex pages.

The value true maps to a cupsBackSide value of Rotated on Mac OS X and Flipped with Ghostscript.

The default value is false.

Note:

Mac OS X drivers that previously used cupsFlipDuplex may wish to provide both the old and new attributes for maximum compatibility, for example:

*cupsBackSide: Rotated
*cupsFlipDuplex: true

Similarly, drivers written for other operating systems using Ghostscript can use:

*cupsBackSide: Flipped
*cupsFlipDuplex: true

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsIPPFinishings

*cupsIPPFinishings number/text: "*Option Choice ..."

This attribute defines a mapping from IPP finishings values to PPD options and choices.

Examples:

*cupsIPPFinishings 4/staple: "*StapleLocation SinglePortrait"
*cupsIPPFinishings 5/punch: "*PunchMedia Yes *PunchLocation LeftSide"
*cupsIPPFinishings 20/staple-top-left: "*StapleLocation SinglePortrait"
*cupsIPPFinishings 21/staple-bottom-left: "*StapleLocation SingleLandscape"

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsIPPReason

*cupsIPPReason reason/Reason Text: "optional URIs"

This optional attribute maps custom printer-state-reasons keywords that are generated by the driver to human readable text. The optional URIs string contains zero or more URIs separated by a newline. Each URI can be a CUPS server absolute path to a help file under the scheduler's DocumentRoot directory, a full HTTP URL ("http://www.domain.com/path/to/help/page.html"), or any other valid URI which directs the user at additional information concerning the condition that is being reported.

Since the reason text is limited to 80 characters by the PPD specification, longer text strings can be included by URI-encoding the text with the "text" scheme, for example "text:some%20text". Multiple text URIs are combined (with spaces between each URI) by the ppdLocalizeIPPReason into a single string that can be displayed to the user.

Examples:

*% Map com.vendor-error to text but no page
*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: ""

*% Map com.vendor-error to more than 80 characters of text but no page
*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: "text:Now%20is%20the%20time
text:for%20all%20good%20men%20to%20come%20to%20the%20aid%20of%20their%20country."

*% Map com.vendor-error to text and a local page
*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: "/help/com.vendor/error.html"

*% Map com.vendor-error to text and a remote page
*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: "http://www.vendor.com/help"

*% Map com.vendor-error to text and a local, Apple help book, and remote page
*APHelpBook: "file:///Library/Printers/vendor/Help.bundle"
*cupsIPPReason com.vendor-error/A serious error occurred: "/help/com.vendor/error.html
help:anchor='com.vendor-error'%20bookID=Vendor%20Help
http://www.vendor.com/help"
*End

CUPS 1.2/Mac OS X 10.5cupsLanguages

*cupsLanguages: "locale list"

This attribute describes which language localizations are included in the PPD. The "locale list" string is a space-delimited list of locale names ("en", "en_US", "fr_CA", etc.)

Example:

*% Specify Canadian, UK, and US English, and Candian and French French 
*cupsLanguages: "en_CA en_UK en_US fr_CA fr_FR"

cupsManualCopies

*cupsManualCopies: boolean

This boolean attribute notifies the RIP filters that the destination printer does not support copy generation in hardware. The default value is false.

Example:

*% Tell the RIP filters to generate the copies for us 
*cupsManualCopies: true

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMarkerName

*cupsMarkerName/Name Text: ""

This optional attribute maps marker-names strings that are generated by the driver to human readable text.

Examples:

*% Map cyanToner to "Cyan Toner"
*cupsMarkerName cyanToner/Cyan Toner: ""

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsMarkerNotice

*cupsMarkerNotice: "disclaimer text"

This optional attribute provides disclaimer text for the supply level information provided by the driver, typically something like "supply levels are approximate".

Examples:

*cupsMarkerNotice: "Supply levels are approximate."

cupsModelNumber

*cupsModelNumber: number

This integer attribute specifies a printer-specific model number. This number can be used by a filter program to adjust the output for a specific model of printer.

Example:

*% Specify an integer for a driver-specific model number 
*cupsModelNumber: 1234

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsPJLCharset

*cupsPJLCharset: "ISO character set name"

This string attribute specifies the character set that is used for strings in PJL commands. If not specified, US-ASCII is assumed.

Example:

*% Specify UTF-8 is used in PJL strings
*cupsPJLCharset: "UTF-8"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsPJLDisplay

*cupsPJLDisplay: "what"

This optional attribute specifies which command is used to display the job ID, name, and user on the printer's control panel. "What" is either "none" to disable this functionality, "job" to use "@PJL JOB DISPLAY", or "rdymsg" to use "@PJL RDYMSG DISPLAY". The default is "job".

Examples:

*% Display job information using @PJL SET RDYMSG DISPLAY="foo"
*cupsPJLDisplay: "rdymsg"

*% Display job information display
*cupsPJLDisplay: "none"

CUPS 1.2/Mac OS X 10.5cupsPortMonitor

*cupsPortMonitor urischeme/Descriptive Text: "port monitor"

This string attribute specifies printer-specific "port monitor" filters that may be used with the printer. The CUPS scheduler also looks for the Protocols attribute to see if the BCP or TBCP protocols are supported. If so, the corresponding port monitor ("bcp" and "tbcp", respectively) is listed in the printer's port-monitor-supported attribute.

The "urischeme" portion of the attribute specifies the URI scheme that this port monitor should be used for. Typically this is used to pre-select a particular port monitor for each type of connection that is supported by the printer. The "port monitor" string can be "none" to disable the port monitor for the given URI scheme.

Examples:

*% Specify a PostScript printer that supports the TBCP protocol
*Protocols: TBCP PJL

*% Specify that TBCP should be used for socket connections but not USB
*cupsPortMonitor socket/AppSocket Printing: "tbcp"
*cupsPortMonitor usb/USB Printing: "none"

*% Specify a printer-specific port monitor for an Epson USB printer 
*cupsPortMonitor usb/USB Status Monitor: "epson-usb"

CUPS 1.3/Mac OS X 10.5cupsPreFilter

*cupsPreFilter: "source/type cost program"

This string attribute provides a pre-filter rule. The pre-filter program will be inserted in the conversion chain immediately before the filter that accepts the given MIME type.

Examples:

*% PDF pre-filter
*cupsPreFilter: "application/pdf 100 mypdfprefilter"

*% PNG pre-filter
*cupsPreFilter: "image/png 0 mypngprefilter"

CUPS 1.4/Mac OS X 10.6cupsSNMPSupplies

*cupsSNMPSupplies: boolean

This attribute tells the standard network backends whether they should query the standard SNMP Printer MIB OIDs for supply levels. The default value is True.

Example:

*% Do not use SNMP queries to report supply levels
*cupsSNMPSupplies: False

cupsVersion

*cupsVersion: major.minor

This required attribute describes which version of the CUPS PPD file extensions was used. Currently it must be the string "1.0", "1.1", "1.2", or "1.3".

Example:

*% Specify a CUPS 1.2 driver 
*cupsVersion: "1.2"

Mac OS X Attributes

Mac OS X 10.3APDialogExtension

*APDialogExtension: "/Library/Printers/vendor/filename.plugin"

This attribute defines additional option panes that are displayed in the print dialog. Each attribute adds one or more option panes. See the "OutputBinsPDE" example and Apple Technical Q&A QA1352 for information on writing your own print dialog plug-ins.

Note:

Starting with Mac OS X 10.5, each plug-in must be compiled "4-way fat" (32-bit and 64-bit for both PowerPC and Intel) with garbage collection enabled in order to be usable with all applications.

Examples:

*% Add two panes for finishing and driver options
*APDialogExtension: "/Library/Printers/vendor/finishing.plugin"
*APDialogExtension: "/Library/Printers/vendor/options.plugin"

Mac OS X 10.4APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin

*APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin: boolean

This boolean attribute notifies the RIP filters that the destination printer requires the top and bottom margins of the ImageableArea to be swapped for the back page. The default is true when cupsBackSide is Flipped and false otherwise. Table 2 shows how APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin interacts with cupsBackSide and the Tumble page attribute.

Example:

*% Rotate the back side images
*cupsBackSide: Rotated

*% Don't swap the top and bottom margins for the back side 
*APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin: false

Also see the related cupsBackSide attribute.

APHelpBook

*APHelpBook: "bundle URL"

This string attribute specifies the Apple help book bundle to use when looking up IPP reason codes for this printer driver. The cupsIPPReason attribute maps "help" URIs to this file.

Example:

*APHelpBook: "file:///Library/Printers/vendor/Help.bundle"

Mac OS X 10.6APICADriver

*APICADriver: boolean

This attribute specifies whether the device has a matching Image Capture Architecture (ICA) driver for scanning. The default is False.

Examples:

*APICADriver: True
*APScanAppBundleID: "com.apple.ImageCaptureApp"

Mac OS X 10.3APPrinterIconPath

*APPrinterIconPath: "/Library/Printers/vendor/filename.icns"

This attribute defines the location of a printer icon file to use when displaying the printer. The file must be in the Apple icon format.

Examples:

*% Apple icon file
*APPrinterIconPath: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Icons/filename.icns"

Mac OS X 10.4APPrinterLowInkTool

*APPrinterLowInkTool: "/Library/Printers/vendor/program"

This attribute defines an program that checks the ink/toner/marker levels on a printer, returning an XML document with those levels. See the "InkTool" example and Apple Technical Note TN2144 for more information.

Examples:

*% Use a vendor monitoring program
*APPrinterLowInkTool: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Tools/lowinktool"

Mac OS X 10.5APPrinterPreset

*APPrinterPreset name/text: "*Option Choice ..."

This attribute defines presets for multiple options that show up in the print dialog of applications (such as iPhoto) that set the job style hint to NSPrintPhotoJobStyleHint. Each preset maps to one or more pairs of PPD options and choices as well as providing key/value data for the application. The following preset names are currently defined:

• Photo_with_Paper_Auto-Detect; Photo printing with paper auto-detect
• Photo_with_Paper_Auto-Detect_-_Fine; Photo printing with paper auto-detect - fine
• Photo_on_Plain_Paper; Photo printing on plain paper
• Photo_on_Plain_Paper_-_Fine; Photo printing on plain paper - fine
• Photo_on_Photo_Paper; Photo printing on photo paper
• Photo_on_Photo_Paper_-_Fine; Photo printing on photo paper - fine
• Photo_on_Matte_Paper; Photo printing on matte paper
• Photo_on_Matte_Paper_-_Fine; Photo printing on matte paper - fine

The value string consists of pairs of keywords, either an option name and choice (*MainKeyword OptionKeyword) or a preset identifier and value (com.apple.print.preset.foo value). Preset identifiers and their supported values are documented in "Creating Printing Presets for iPhoto: Printing Presets File Format".

Presets, like options, can also be localized in multiple languages.

Examples:

*APPrinterPreset Photo_on_Photo_Paper/Photo on Photo Paper: "
  *MediaType Glossy
  *ColorModel RGB
  *Resolution 300dpi
  com.apple.print.preset.graphicsType Photo
  com.apple.print.preset.quality mid
  com.apple.print.preset.media-front-coating glossy"
*End
*fr.APPrinterPreset Photo_on_Photo_Paper/Photo sur papier photographique: ""

Mac OS X 10.3APPrinterUtilityPath

*APPrinterPrinterUtilityPath: "/Library/Printers/vendor/filename.app"

This attribute defines a GUI application that can be used to do printer maintenance functions such as cleaning the print head(s). See ... for more information.

Examples:

*% Define the printer utility application
*APPrinterPrinterUtilityPath: "/Library/Printers/vendor/Tools/utility.app"

Mac OS X 10.6APScannerOnly

*APScannerOnly: boolean

This attribute specifies whether the device has scanning but no printing capabilities. The default is False.

Examples:

*APICADriver: True
*APScannerOnly: True

Mac OS X 10.3APScanAppBundleID

*APScanAppBundleID: "bundle ID"

This attribute defines the application to use when scanning pages from the device.

Examples:

*APICADriver: True
*APScanAppBundleID: "com.apple.ImageCaptureApp"

Change History

Changes in CUPS 1.4

• Added APICADriver attribute.
• Added cupsCommands attribute.
• Added cupsMarkerName attribute.
• Added cupsMarkerNotice attribute.
• Added cupsPJLDisplay attribute.
• Added cupsSNMPSupplies attribute.
• Added cupsUIResolver and cupsUIConstraints attributes.
• Added cupsMediaQualifier2, cupsMediaQualifier3, cupsMinSize, and cupsMaxSize attributes.

Changes in CUPS 1.3.1

• Added missing Mac OS X AP attributes.
• Added section on auto-configuration including the OIDMainKeyword and ?MainKeyword attributes.
• Minor reorganization.

Changes in CUPS 1.3

• Added cupsBackSide and deprecated cupsFlipDuplex.
• Added text URI information to cupsIPPReason documentation.
• Added APPrinterPreset, cupsIPPFinishings, and cupsPreFilter attributes.
• Added discussion of custom option code, sample CustomPageSize code, and "do not use dict and put" note.

Changes in CUPS 1.2.8

• Added section on supported PostScript commands for raster drivers

Changes in CUPS 1.2

• Added globalization support attributes
• Added custom option values support
• Added APHelpBook attribute
• Added APDuplexRequiresFlippedMargin attribute
• Added cupsICCProfile attribute
• Added cupsIPPReason attribute
• Added cupsLanguages attribute
• Added cupsPortMonitor attribute
• Removed cupsProtocol attribute

Changes in CUPS 1.1

• Added cupsFlipDuplex attribute
• Added cupsProtocol attribute